摘要:

Gentamicin (GM) often causes polyuric acute renal failure (ARF) in humans and animals. GM-mediated ARF in rats was accompanied with activated renin—angiotensin system, increased renal endothelin content, and enhanced lipid per oxidation. Suppression of the renin-angiotensin activity by desoxycorticosterone acetate and saline drinking, and treatment with superoxide dismutase attenuated the GM-induced decline in whole-kidney GFR with well-maintained RBF but did not reduce the severity of tubular necrosis. On the other hand, treatment with dimethylthiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, attenuated the GM-mediated decline in GFR and lessened tubular necrosis but did not ameliorate the reduction in RBF. These duta suggest contributions of both vascular and tubular factors to the GM-induced decline in GFR in rats. However, relative importance of these factors probably differs with different doses of the agent.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044852

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effect of chronic cholesterol loading and lovastatin administration in renal artery clamping acute renal failure in rats is not known. Acute renal failure was induced by 60-min left renal artery clamping immediately afer right nephrectomy. The changes in renal function after renal artery clamping in the hyperlipidemic rats were unexpected. The acute renal failure in the cholesterol-loaded groups was less severe than in the nonhyperlipidemic rats. The lovastatin administration had some favorable effect on renal function afi ter ischemia; however, this effect was not additive to the high dietary cholesterol administration. Our results seems to favor the concept that in this special form of experimental renal ischemic acute renal failure, serum cholesterol levels, elevated through diet, may have protective effects with respect to renal tubular lesions during or following the acute ischemic insult.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044853

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Anemia is very frequent in patients with acute failure but the nature of the relationship between the two conditions has remained unclear. We studied all patients with well-documented acute renal failure seen in consultation by our nephrology division during 1991. Fifty-three of the 56 patients had at least mild anemia (hematocrit<35%) at some point during their hospital stay. Forty-three of the patients had a hematocrit below 30% and 14 had a hematocrit below this level on admission. Twenty-four of the patients underwent mujor operations and all of these patients required blood transfusions. In this group there was a significant correlation between maximum serum urea and lowest hemoglobin (r = 0.4, p<. 05) but no similar correlation between maximum creatinine and lowest hemoglobin. Oliguric patients had a mean lowest hemoglobin of 7.3±0.4 g/dL., which was significantly lower than the value for nonoliguric patients, 9.0±0.4 g /dL. This study confirms the presence of anemia in 91% of patients with acute renal failure and shows it to be related to rise in urea and presence of oliguria. Clearly, however, the anemia is multifactorial, since in one-quarter of the patients it precedes onset of renal failure.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044854

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Australia was an early pioneer of national integrated programs for the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). From being a leader in numbers of patients per population treated, it is now in the top 15. The Australian program has a high proportion of living patients with functioning transplants and a high proportion of out-of-hospital dialysis. The proportion of elderly patients is increasing but lower than expected. A particular problem is the treatment of Aboriginal people. The ANZ Data surveys give accurate complete data for the national program. Unique features of the Australian patients are the high incidence of analgesic nephropathy and the low incidence of primary hypertension as a cause of renal failure. Surveys show that it is possible to improve transplantation rates 2 to 3 times. Analysis of Australian data raises the question of whether dialysis and transplantation should be offered to all potential patients regardless of comorbidity or quality of life when health resources are inevitably finite.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044855

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is well recognized that the large doses of mannitol used in treating cerebral edema alter extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, osmolality, and composition to a degree which, under some circumstances, can lead to acute renal failure, cardiac decompensation, and other difficulties. It is less well appreciated that the patient's body habitus, age, total body water content relative to body weight, pretreatment plasma sodium concentration and plasma osmolality, and the presence of edema or ascites also can influence the degree of ECF change and the rate of mannitol excretion to a significant degree. Here, we show how these changes occur and the way in which their magnitude can be predicted prior to therapy so as to minimize the risk of an adverse result.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044856

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and of alanine-aminopeptidase (A AP) was studied after administration of cyclosporine A (CSA A), FK 506, or the corresponding vehicles to salt-depleted rats. On days 7, 14, and 28 after treatment for CSA and day 14 after treatment for FK 506, measurements of the urinary enzymes, serum creatinine (Scr), creatinine clearance (ClCr), and blinded renal histology were done. After 1 week on CSA there was a dramatic increase of 489% in the urinary excretion of AAP (162.6 IU/g Cr, CSA vs. 27.6 IU/g Cr control, p<.03), a significant decrease of 32% in ClCr, a significant increase of 41% in SCr, and mild proximal tubular atrophy and vacuolization. After 2 or 4 weeks of CSA treatment there were no more differences in the urinary AAP between CSA and control rats, but the urinary excretion of NAG was increased: 29.6 IU/g Cr, CSA vs. 20.9 IU/g Cr, control, p<.03 on day 14 and 26.9 IU/g Cr, CSA vs. 21.5 IU/g Cr, control, p<. 008 on day 28. At the same time there was a progressive decline of the ClCr, a progressive increase in the SCr, and an increase in the severity of the histological lesion. After 14 days of treatment with FK 506 we observed a striking elevation in urinary AAP (62.6 IU/g Cr, FK 506 vs. 36.0 IU/g Cr, control, p<.01) consistent with a significant decrease in ClCr, a significant increase in SCr, and a moderate proximal tubular vacuolization and atrophy. Thus, there was an early and significant increase in enzymuria after treatment with both drugs, even in the presence of mild histological lesion, pointing to the values of AAP and NAG as markers of renal injury in CSA and FK experimental nephrotoxicity.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044857

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044858

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229409044841

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor