ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052786

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The beneficial effects of a low-protein diet vs. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, enalapril) on the course of ablation nephropathy (5/6 nephrectomy, 5/6NX) were compared in a new strain of genetic hypertensive rats, the Prague hypertensive rat (PHR). Both maneuvers were followed by a significant drop in proteinuria (1.27 and 8.8 vs. 56.2 mg/24 hod, p<0.001, low-protein diet vs. ACEI vs. untreated), plasma levels of creatinine (175.3 and 177.1 vs. 245.3μmol/L, p<0.001) andurea (7.95 and l3.51 vs. 37.6 mmol/L, p<0.001). Endogenous creatinine clearance was higher after both low-protein diet and ACEI than without them (134.6 and 127.8 vs. 56.7μL/min/100 g BW, p<0.001). Both maneuvers had a similar beneficial effect: no additional amelioration was observed with a combination of both low-protein diet and ACEI. Compared to normotensive Wistar rats, the results were quite similar in PHR except the blood pressure values; hypertension had no substantial effect on the course of 5/6NX or on the beneficial action of both low-protein diet and ACEI.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052787

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Serum and urinary proteins from rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Analysis was made on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 30 after PAN injection. Data were compared with control rats (C). Rats developed proteinuria on days 4–30 and hypoproteinemia on days 4–16. Total protein concentration in serum and urine was similar on day 6. SDS-PAGE revealed that urinary albumin augmented on days 4–30 and serum albumin decreased markedly on days 4–20. Albumin concentration in serum and urine was similar on days 4–16. In addition, the study examined serum changes of 7 other proteins (designed as A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) which appeared or increased in urine, and whose molecular weights were higher (A, B, and C) or lower (D, E, F, and G) than that of albumin. In serum, protein A remained unchanged; protein B and G increased; proteins C, D, E, and F decreased. The qualitative pattern of urinary proteins remained essentially unchanged on days 4–30. During the intense proteinuria, the serum concentrations of protein B and albumin were similar and the urine concentrations of proteins C and D became comparable to that found in serum. These 7 serum proteins did not show the same behavior although all of them were excreted in urine. These data indicate that in PAN-nephrotic rats: (a) urinary proteins can be of low and high molecular weight, (b) serum proteins can be regulated independently of their urinary excretion and molecular weight, (c) the urine concentration of total protein and some specific proteins can reach values similar to that found in serum during the intense hypoproteinemia, and (d) the qualitative pattern of urinary proteins was unrelated to the magnitude of proteinuria.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052788

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Initial reports on antiproteinuric effect of pefloxacine in small groups of patients with minimal-change nephropathy (MCN) and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have not been confirmed in other papers. To assess its antiproteinuric effect in experimental animals we administered pefloxacine to rats with adriamycin nephropathy showing morphological changes resembling human minimal-change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and clinically with full-blown nephrotic syndrome. Pefloxacine treatment was at least partially effective in preventing further increase of proteinuria in rats with adriamycin nephropathy. The mechanism of this effect remains unclear and deserves further studies concentrating on the glomerular cytokine network and glomerular production of reactive oxygen species.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052789

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationship between trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) and the nephrotoxic effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)—as illustrated by proteinuria and by a drop in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by creatinine clearance test (CCT)—was investigated in Wistar rats. HgCl2, 150 or 250μg/100 g BW per day was injected intraperitoneally three times a week for 2 weeks. Both groups showed a significant degree of proteinuria and urinary TIA. Group B (250μg HgCl2/100 g BW) displayed a greater drop in GFR than group A (150μg HgCl2/100 g BW). The urinary TIA was significantly correlated with proteinuria (group A:r = 0.87, group B:r = 0.84), but it was also significantly inversely correlated with the CCT (A:r = -0.96; B:r = -0.88). In conclusion: these results suggest that increased urinary TIA may be involved in and indicative of the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052790

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been purported to be involved in the development of acute ischemic renal failure, such as impairment of tubular function and/or of the renal microcirculation. However, it has not been elucidated as yet which of these mechanisms relates to the extent of kidney damage. Besides, little is known about the time course relationship between tubular and microcirculatory disturbances during the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury. We therefore performed intravital videomicroscopy of the proximal tubules as well as the peritubular microcirculation of the rat renal cortex during the first 24 hr of reperfusion after varying lengths of warm ischemia (30 min, 30WI group; 60 min, 60 WI group; 90 min, 90WI group). In a separate group of animals subjected to the same protocol, the survival rate (SR) was determined. The SR in these groups were 100%, 20%, and 0%, respectively. Initially, the tubular and microcirculatory changes (i.e., increased tubular diameter and reduced capillary blood flow) relate well to the length of warm ischemia as well as the SR. At a later stage of reperfusion, however, we observed that peritubular capillary blood flow and tubular diameter recovered more quickly in the 90WI group than in the 30WI and 60WI groups. As a result, these parameters as obtained at 24 hr of reperfusion did not relate anymore to the survival rate. Besides, at this stage a severe loss of integrity of the tubular wall was noted in the 60WI and 90WI groups. These findings suggest that kidney viability is not determined by the extent of recovery of microcirculatory blood flow and/or tubular diameter during early reperfusion, but by the integrity of the tubular wall.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052791

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Prophylactic effects of N-benzoyl-β-alanine (betamipron, BP), one of a series of N-acyl amino acids, were examined against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were injected i.p. with 6 mg/kg of cisplatin combined with an i.p. BP dose given at various times and various doses. Rats were sacrificed 5 days after cisplatin injection to weigh the kidney and liver, and to determine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (serum Cr) levels. Preliminary results suggest that treatment with BP is an effective means of protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Combination with BP reduced the weight loss following treatment with cisplatin. The ratios of the kidney and liver weights to the body weight in the animals treated with cisplatin followed later with BP are significantly different (p<0.05) from those in the animals that received only cisplatin. The BUN and serum Cr levels in the animals treated with cisplatin followed from—1 to 4 hr, and from—4 to 4 hr later with 250 mg/kg BP dose and followed 1 hr later with from 250 to 1000 mg/kg, and from 250 to 2000 mg/kg BP doses differed significantly (p<0.05) from those in the animals that received only cisplatin. Histological analysis of the kidneys confirmed the protective effect of BP.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052792

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hypercalcemia is often associated with a urinary concentration defect. During antidiuresis, organic osmolytes [sorbitol, myo-inositol, taurine, and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC)] accumulate in the renal inner medulla and are essential for urinary concentration. To clarify the relationship between organic osmolytes and urinary concentration defect in hypercalcemia, examination was made of the effects of hypercalcemia on renal medullary osmolytes content. Rats were put in a state of hypercalcemia by a calcium-rich diet supplemented with CaCO3(2.5%/wt) anddaily s.c. injection of I,25(OH)2VitD3(1.6μg/kg). They were killed on days 7 and 14. Hypercalcemia induced a urinary concentration defect. Myo-inositol, sorbitol, and GPC contents in the renal medulla were significantly reduced. Aldose reductase activity decreased significantly. Hypercalcemia would thus appear to directly affect renal medullary content of organic osmolytes, thereby modifying renal concentration ability.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052793

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using high-performance liquid chromatography, concentrations of erythrocyte adenine nucleotides and hypoxanthine were evaluated in patients undergoing regular acetate hemodialysis before dialysis, immediately following dialysis, and 24 hr after. It was shown that adenosine triphosphate concentration was maintained consistently high, not only just after hemodialysis but also 24 hr later. There was also no difference in concentration of mono- and diphosphates of adenosine. Hypoxanthine concentration decreased twofold after hemodialysis. However, it was still markedly higher than normal values. The level of hypoxanthine was maintained at the postdialysis level, 24 hr later. This suggests that hypoxanthine production could be stimulated during acetate dialysis.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052794

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chronic hypotension, volume nonresponsive, is not rare in hemodialysis patients and is usually refractory to various therapies. Midodrine hydrochloride is anα-mimetic drug acting directly on the peripheralα-receptor and increases blood pressure. We studied 10 uremic patients on hemodialysis with chronic hypotension to evaluate efficacy and safety of midodrine. Midodrine hydrochloride was administered at a dose of 2.5 mg twice on the dialytic day, 1.25 mg twice on the nondialytic day. Subjective symptoms and objective parameters were evaluated and compared before and after midodrine treatment. Midodrine significantly increased systolic pressure from 73.0±10.5 mm Hg to 90.5±12.3 mm Hg (p<0.01); and diastolic blood pressure from 44.0±8.4 mm Hg to 55.4±7.9 mm Hg (p<0.01) before dialysis. Orthostasis, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, dullness, headache, and depression improved an average of 62%. All patients tolerated midodrine treatment well. Only mild side effects were noted, including flush sensation, neck soreness, and headache. We conclude that midodrine may be another choice for uremic patients on hemodialysis with chronic hypotension which responds poorly to other conventional management.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229609052795

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor