摘要:

One hundred cases of servere acute renal failure managed in the intensive care unit were analyzed to assess the value of isovolemic hemodialysis combined with interdialysis hemofiltration to control fluid balance. Forty-five patients were treated prior to the availability of this technique and 55 subsequently. There was a significant reduction in the oliguric period of survivors in the second group compared with the group treated by intermittent hemodialysis alone (p = 0.0459). The significant difference in age between survivors and deaths observed in the first group (p = 0.0027) was not demonstrated in the second group due to a reduction in the incidence of primarily cardiovascular deaths with an improvement in survival of the elderly.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060726

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three patients (2 male and 1 female) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for more than 4 years with tumoral calcifications were treated by sodium thiosulfate. All patients had periarticular and soft tissue calcification. A considerable regression of calcified masses with concurrent clinical improvement was noted in 2 of the 3 patients.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060727

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) is characterized by an increase in serum creatinine, urea, and phosphate concentration, and severe impairment of creatinine clearance. Secondary hyperparaihyrohdism develops rapidly during ARF. The calcium antagonist nisoldipine clearly improves renal Junction, which becomes evident by an improvement of creatinine clearance and attenuation of the increase of serum creatinine, urea, and phosphate concentrations. Further secondary hyperparathyroidism is ameliorated by nisoldipine treatment. In spite of normalization of the hypocalcemia in ARF by nisoldipine, weak hyperparathyroidism persists, suggesting that hypocalcemia is not exclusively responsible for elevated parathyroid hormone serum levels in ARF.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060728

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We measured plasma fibronectin levels by a rocket immunoelectrophoresis in rats with chronic serum sickness induced by repeated injections of ovalbumin and in rats with epithelial nephropathy induced by a single injection of adriamycin. In the early phases of the immune model, rats presented granular deposits of lgG in the mesangial area with no or descreteproteinuria (<40 mg/24 h). Fibronectin levels in that group were significantly higher (450±90μg/mL) than in normal rats of the same age (350±46; p<0.01). When animals presented IgG deposits in the capillary wall, an important nephrotic syndrome developed in most of them. Fibronectin levels then increased very significantly (863±153μg/mL; p<0.0005). In the model of adriamycin nephropathy, fibronectin significantly increased (580±110μg/mL; p<0.0005) from the first week, when proteinuria was in a range 40–60 mg/24 h. However, the levels were higher (860±175μg/mL; p<0.0005) when a complete nephrotic syndrome developed. At this time, plasma fibronectin levels correlated directly in both models with the degree of proteinuria and inversely with the total serum protein concentration. Our results show that plasma fibronectin levels increased very early in animals with immune and toxic damage of the kidney. The highest elevated values found thereafter, when a full nephrotic syndrome was present, suggest an increased synthetic rate of that glycoprotein linked to that situation.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060729

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To investigate the sex-related difference of susceptibility of renal function to methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity, various doses of MeHg chloride (MMC, 20–200μmol/kg) were orally administered to C57BL/6N mice of both sexes. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after MMC administration, the extent of damage to renal junction and the renal Hg levels were examined. After dosing, female mice survived much longer than males. With the increase in the dose level to 200μmol/kg, the changes of the renal Hg levels 24 h after administration showed biphasic features with a plateau of around 85μg/g. The renal Hg in male mice increased more rapidly to the plateau than in females. The doses by which the renal Hg level reached the plateau were 80 and 120μmol/kgfor males and females, respectively. The time-dependent decrease of the renal Hg became much slower with dose levels exceeding 80 and 160μmol/kg for males and females, respectively. Inhibition of phenolsulfonphthalein excretion and increase of plasma creatinine after the MMC administration were more marked in males than in females. Inorganic Hg levels in the kidney of MeHg-intoxicated mice were much lower than that of HgCl2-intoxicated mice, indicating that the involvement of inorganic Hg, a product of biotransformation of MeHg, in the renal failure caused by MMC treatment would be negligible. Although pathological changes in the renal proximal tubules of HgCl2-intoxicated mice were marked, those of the MeHg-intoxicated group were slight. The results obtained here suggest that the kidney is one of the primary target organs in MeHg acute toxicity, and that the kidney of male mice has a higher susceptibility to MeHg toxicity than that of females.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060730

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Erythromycin is known to exacerbate cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. This has been attributed to the potential of erythromycin to reduce the hepatic microsomal metabolism and clearance of cyclosporine. Erythromycin may also be nephrotoxic. We tested the hypothesis that erythromycin may have direct effects on the renal vasculature which are additive or synergistic with the effects of cyclosporine. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered graded doses of either erythromycin, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg BW/min i. v. over consecutive 10-min intervals; cyclosporine, 1,2, 3, and 4 mg/kg BW/min i.v. over consecutive 10-min intervals; or both drugs simultaneously. In separate experiments, identical doses of erythromycin or cyclosporine were infused intravenously following acute unilateral renal denerva-tion. Infusion of erythromycin led to an initial decline in arterial blood pressure whereas infusion of cyclosporine resulted in a dose-related increase in arterial blood pressure. Despite these different systemic effects, each drug alone produced a striking decrease in renal blood flow. This effect was more pronounced when the drugs were infused concomitantly. The reduction in renal blood flow occurred in an additive manner as a direct consequence of increased renal vascular resistance. Prior renal denervation did not modify the response to either erythromycin or cyclosporine. These results demonstrate that cyclosporine-induced vasoconstriction is exacerbated by erythromycin and suggest that the decline in renal function observed in patients coadministered these drugs may be due in part to additive renovascular toxicity.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060731

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of chronic dietary protein restriction on ischemic renal failure were evaluated in rats subjected to 90 min of bilateral renal clamping. The rats were kept on either 20% casein (regular) diet or casein-free dprotein-free) diet 10 days before and 21 days after renal injury. Rats on regular protein diet showed higher levels of BUN and serum creatinine and had a lower inulin clearance (pl/minlIOO g BW) than animals on protein-free diet (289 f 34 vs 582 f 103, p<0.05) 2 days after ischemia. However, the inulin clearance measured 21 days following ischemia was signijicantly higher in rats on regular diet (1 468 f 181) than those maintained on protein-free diet after ischemia (560 f 167). when unilateral 90 min ischemia was pedormed in rats on regular diet, the postischemic kidneys showed an incomplete recovery of the inulin clearance (226 35) compared to the contralateral kidney (900 f 116), 21 days afer ischemia; whereas in rats on a protein-free diet the in- ulin clearance averaged I 0 6 f 17 in the postischemic kidney and 345 f 41 in the right kidney, when left renal ischemia and contralateral nephrectomy were pedomd, the inulin clearance was 1149 f 74 in rats on regular diet and 534 f 60 in rats on protein-pee diet, 21 days following renal insult. These results suggest that protein restriction can play a protective role against renal ischemia in an initial phase, but it limits the lute recoveryfrom ischemia. The presence of a normal contralateral kidney inhibits the functional recovery of the postischemic kidney and a contralateral nephrectomy produces a compensatory functional hypertrophy of the postischemic kidney, even in rats on a protein-free diet.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060732

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

α1-Adrenoceptor Junction and plasma catecholamine levels were investigated in chronically hemodialyzed patients with and without hemodialysis-induced hypotension. In the interdialytic period blood pressure responses as well as the mydriasis after topical application of theα1-selective agonist phenylephrine were not significantly different in patients with or without hypotension during dialysis, although patients with hypotension were more susceptible to miosis induced by the muscarinergic agonist carbachol. In the normotensive group the blood pressure increasing effect of phenylephrine was attentuated after 120 win of hemodialysis therapy. Plasma noradrenaline levels were not significantly different in both groups and did not change significantly during hemodialysis, while plasma dopamine was significantly increased in the hypotensives. Thus, evidence for a pathophysiological role of a postsynapticα-adrenoceptor dysfunction in hemodialysis-induced hypotension was lacking.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060733

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

By C. F. Bolton, G. B. Young. Butterworths, 1990

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060734

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229009060735

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor