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1. |
Heat-Shock Proteins in Animal Models for Acute Renal Failure |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 641-649
WakuiHideki,
KomatsudaAtsushi,
MiuraAkira B.,
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ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037631
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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2. |
Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3and Diltiazem on Tissue Calcium in Uremic Rat |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 651-657
InagakiOshi,
NakagawaKiyohiko,
SyonoTadayasu,
NishianYoshihiko,
TakenakaYosiaki,
TakamitsuYoshihiro,
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摘要:
The concentration of calcium was measured in the aorta, heart, and kidney of uremic rats treated with 100 ng/kg/day 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25 D3) or 60 mg/kg/day diltiazem for 12 weeks. The concentration of calcium was increased in the aorta, heart, and kidney of uremic rats, and was further increased by administration of 1,25 D3The 1,25 D3-induced increase in calcium in the aorta was inhibited by diltiazem, but this effect was not accompanied by a decrease in serum calcium x phosphate products. Diltiazem had no effect on the 1,25 D3-induced increase of calcium in the heart and kidney. Thus, in uremia 1,25 D3may promote the calcification of the aorta; calcium antagonists may protect against calcification without a reduction in serum calcium x phosphate products
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037632
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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3. |
Laboratory Study Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Inhibits Mesangial Cell Proliferation Induced by Early Postnephrectomy Serum |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 659-664
AverbukhZ.,
BermanS.,
WeissgartenJ.,
CohnM.,
ModaiD.,
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摘要:
Rat kidney mesangial or tubular cells were grown in tissue culture medium supplemented with sera of 20 sham-operated vs. 20 nephrectomized Charles River rats. Each cell sample was grown with or without addition of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to the medium. ANP completely abolished the growth stimulatory effect of postnephrectomy serum [i.e., effect of renotropic factor(s) present in the serum] on mesangium cells. Tubular cell proliferation was unchanged. We propose that interaction between renotropin and atrial natriutetic peptide activity might be one of the possible mechanisms regulating compensatory renal growth following nephrectomy.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037633
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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4. |
The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 665-674
DeeganPatricia M.,
NolanCearuil,
RyanMichael P.,
BasingerMark A.,
JonesMark M.,
HandeKenneth R.,
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摘要:
The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of cisplatin nephrotoxicity was evaluated in an experimental rat model using a specific, nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor blocker, losartan. Rats were treated with a single dose of losartan (at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline, 2 h prior to cisplatin administration (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Renal function was assessed 3 and 7 days after cisplatin treatment. A second group of rats received losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline, 2 h prior to cisplatin administration (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline daily for 6 days after cisplatin treatment. Renal function was assessed on day 7. Neither high- nor low-dose losartan pretreatment prevented development of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine values at 7 days were similar to those of animals receiving cisplatin alone (BUN: 17.12±1.1 and 22.17±2.2 vs. 20.58±2.4 mg/dL; creatinine: 1.04±0.05 and 0.82±0.09 vs. 0.84±0.06 mg/dL). A significant reduction in creatinine clearance with cisplatin treatment was seen 3 days after therapy, which was not prevented by pretreatment with losartan (GFR in controls: 2.1±0.16 mL/min; cisplatin: 0.24±0.05; cisplatin plus low-dose losartan: 0.05±0.03 and cisplatin plus high-dose losartan: 0.37±0.05). All groups of cisplatin-treated rats displayed systemic signs of cisplatin toxicity: reduced food intake and body weight. Rats receiving chronic losartan treatment had more rapid weight gain and lower BUN and plasma creatinine levels on day 7 than rats receiving cisplatin alone (BUN: 24.0±2.64 vs. 36.4±0.91 mg/dL;p<0.05; plasma creatinine: 0.86±0.06 vs. 1.15±0.07 mg/dL;p<0.05). Acute blockade of the All receptor with losartan does not alter the onset or severity of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Chronic blockade of the All receptor may improve the rate of recovery of renal function in cisplatin-treated rats.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037634
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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5. |
Effects of a Stroma-Free Hemoglobin and Perfluorochemical Combination on Ultrastructure and Function of the Isolated Rat Kidney |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 675-687
MillisRichard M.,
BarberJoan D.,
AndersonWinston A.,
DehkordiOzra,
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摘要:
Experimental perfusions of isolated rat kidneys were performed with flow rates adjusted to produce comparable glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in control and experimental groups. The experimental perfusate, consisting of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) containing 3.5% (uncrosslinked) stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) plus 3.5% of the perfluorochemical (PFC) Fluosol-DA, was found to produce only 48% as much urine as the control perfusate consisting of KRB containing 7% dextran (without either SFH or PFC). Perfusion with the experimental SFH/PFC mixture was associated with mean fractional reabsorptions of sodium 3.3% greater and of potassium 5.1% lesser than perfusion with the control KRB (with dextran) solution (p<. 05). The SFH/PFC mixture was localized histochemically to the capillaries and urinary spaces of glomeruli; and to the apical microvilli, basal laminae, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles of proximal renal tubular cells. Since the glomerular filtration rate was not a factor, decremental urine production appears to be associated with increased reabsorption of sodium, excretion of potassium, and proximal tubular uptake of the experimental SFH/PFC mixture by endocytosis
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037635
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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6. |
Glomerular Angiotensin II Receptors in Gentamicin-Induced Renal Failure in the Rat |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 689-694
EsquerroE.,
RivasL.,
LoapezJosea M.,
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摘要:
We evaluated the properties of glomerular angiotensin II receptors in renal glomeruli isolated from control rats and from rats with gentamicin-induced renal failure. There were no differences in the affinity of angiotensin II for its receptor between glomeruli from control and those from rats treated with gentamicin. Angiotensin II receptor density was lower in glomeruli from rats with renal failure than in those from control rats (985±71 in gentamicin treated rats vs. 1602±213 fmol/mg prot in controls). No significant differences were observed in renin activity in the supernatant from glomeruli isolated from control rats (3.74±0.29 ng angiotensin I/mL h) and those isolated from rats with gentamicin-induced renal failure (2.99±0.29 ng angiotensin I/mL h,p>0.1). These findings do not support the contention of a role of angiotensin II in the development and maintenance of gentamicin-induced ARF.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037636
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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7. |
Long-Term Cyclosporin A Treatment in Adults with Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 695-703
ElK.,
AmerE.,
MaddaJ. P.,
KapoorM.,
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摘要:
Patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at risk of infections, thrombosis, renal failure, or inherent side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of cyclosporin A (Cy A) in treatment of adult patients with steroid-refractory NS. Fifteen patients were included, 13 of whom were steroid resistant. Initial renal histology showed minimal-change glomerulonephritis (MCGN) in 3 patients, focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGN) in 6 patients, and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in 6 patients. Two steroid-dependent patients (one with MCGN and the other with FSGN) were included due to severe steroid side effects. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in those 2 patients, while in the steroid-resistant patients remission was only partial response (PR) and occurred in about half of the patients in each histological subgroup. In patients who responded to Cy A treatment, two attempts were made to taper off the drug, after 6 and 24 months. Unfortunately, both attempts were unsuccessful and NS relapsed. Except for hypertension in those with advanced renal insufficiency, the drug was well tolerated on long-term usage. A second kidney biopsy was carried out in patients in whom renal failure progressed despite Cy A therapy, and who did not show evidence of Cy A toxicity. These findings are in favor of Cy A for treatment of patients with refractory NS. Treatment with Cy A should be maintained for a minimum period of 3 months before considering its failure. The drug was found to be superior to steroid and conventional immunosuppressive drugs in treatment of steroid-refractory NS; however, the response was partial and was limited to only one-half of the patients in the different subgroups.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037637
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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8. |
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Treatment of Anemia in Renal Transplant Patients |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 705-713
LezaicV.,
DjukanovicLj.,
PavlovicV.,
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摘要:
The rHuEpo effect on anemia in eight renal transplant patients (group A) with severe anemia (Hb 6.0–7.5 g/dL) and chronic graft failure (CGF) (sCr 281–794μmol/L) was compared to the rHuEpo effect on anemia in predialysis (20 patients–-group B) and hemodialysis patients (17 patients–-group C) in order to examine the rHuEpo effect on anemia and graft failure progression, and to find out whether the response to therapy in these three patient groups differed. Although renal function impairment was similar in patients from group A and B, anemia was more severe in patients from group A. Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels were within normal limits for nonanemic persons, that is, inadequate for the level of anemia in all patients before therapy. Maintenance immunosuppression given after renal transplantation consisted of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone in standard doses. The starting rHuEpo dose of 150 U/kg/wk increased by 25 U/kg if the target Hb of 10.0 g/dL was not achieved at the end of a 4-week period. When target Hb was achieved, the rHuEpo dose was regularly adjusted to maintain Hb of 10.0 g/dL. Most patients from group A and group C were polytransfused before rHuEpo therapy and consequently with iron overload so that only some patients from these groups and all predialysis patients needed iron supplementation given orally. Anemia improved in all patients with 2 to 10 weeks of treatment. Mean rHuEpo doses for the first 2 months were similar in three studied groups, but the patients with the lowest initial hemoglobin values responded better to rHuEpo therapy. The rate of Hb increase during the initial phase of therapy was significantly higher in patients from group A and B comparing to patients from group C, indicating the importance of residual renal function for rHuEpo effect on anemia. Progression of CGF expressed by the slope of 1/sCr vs. time did not change in either patients from group A or in predialysis patients. It could be concluded that rHuEpo therapy improved anemia in transplant patients as in predialysis and hemodialysis patients. Anemia improvement by rHuEpo did not accelerate the progression of graft function.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037638
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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9. |
α-Amylase and Isoamylase Levels in Renal Transplant Recipients Compared to Uremic Patients |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 715-719
DardamanisMathew A.,
ElisafMoses S.,
VasakosSpyros A.,
TsianosEpameinondas V.,
SiamopoulosKonstantinos C.,
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摘要:
Hyperamylasemia is a common finding in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. The present study was designed to evaluate the frequency, the type, and the hyperamylasemia levels in renal transplant recipients (RTR) compared to patients with renal failure with or without replacement of renal function. One hundred and forty-one subjects [42 with varying degree of renal insufficiency (group A), 74 on hemodialysis (group B), and 25 RTR (group C)] and 47 normal individuals were studied. Total serumα-amylase (Ta) as well as pancreatic (Pa) and salivary (Sa) types of serum isoamylases were elevated in all groups when compared to the levels found in normal subjects. A remarkable proportion of patients belonging to groups A and B had Ta as well as Pa levels over three times the upper normal limits. On the contrary, no RTR had such increased levels of both Ta and isoamylases. A statistically significant correlation was found between Ta, Pa, and Sa and serum creatinine in RTR. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between urine amylases and serum creatinine or between urine and serum levels in all amylases in this group. In conclusion, serum amylase levels are increased in RTR. However, no subject in this group had amylase and isoamylase values more than three times the upper normal limits, which was a common finding in the other groups of patients.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037639
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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10. |
Cytodiagnostic Urinalysis Is Very Useful in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Renal Failure and Can Predict the Severity |
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Renal Failure,
Volume 17,
Issue 6,
1995,
Page 721-729
MarcussenNiels,
SchumannJanet,
CampbellPatricia,
KjellstrandCarl,
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摘要:
Cytodiagnostic urinalysis was tested to determine its utility in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure (ARF). Fifty-one patients with acute renal failure were included and evaluated clinically with regard to the etiology of the renal failure, whether underlying chronic renal failure was present, and if dialysis was required. Urine specimens were macroscopically examined and subjected to a multiparameter reagent-strip analysis. Papanicolaou stain was done on cytocentrifuge preparations and the number of blood cells, renal cells, and casts examined in a standardized fashion. The results showed that the 34 patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) of either ischemic or toxic origin had a higher number of collecting duct cells, and a higher total number of casts than the 17 non-ATN patients. Twelve patients requiring dialysis had a higher number of different types of casts (granular, waxy, leukocytic, broad casts) as well as more renal cells (mainly necrotic) than the 39 patients who did not require dialysis. A significant positive correlation was found between the magnitude of rise of serum creatinine and a number of cytodiagnostic parameters. We conclude that cytodiagnostic urinalysis may be valuable in addition to other tests in the evaluation of patients with acute renal failure.
ISSN:0886-022X
DOI:10.3109/08860229509037640
出版商:Taylor&Francis
年代:1995
数据来源: Taylor
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