ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047638

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047639

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Captopril (C) causes ARF in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) with a single functioning kidney (SK). Retrospective studies in two patients showed that episodes of C-induced ARF were preceded by a rise in urinary Na+excretion and a rapid decrease in body weight. These observations prompted us to investigate whether extracellular fluid volume depletion secondary to C-induced natriuresis can be responsible for ARF. Prospective studies were performed in four patients with RAS-SK treated with C. These studies have shown that: (a) ARF is associated with negative Na+balance and is corrected by salt replacement, even without interrupting C; (b) ARF is preceded by a rise in urinary prostaglandin (PG) E2and 6-keto-Flα; (c) ARF is prevented by either saline infusion or aspirin administration; (d) ARF does not occur when the dose of C is not sufficient to raise PGs and urinary Na+excretion. We conclude therefore that C-induced ARF in patients with RAS-SK can be secondary to salt depletion dependent on a raised secretion of PGs.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047640

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Kidney cortical and medullary“spin-lattice”(T1) and“spin-spin”(T2) relaxation times were measured by spectroscopy in several types of experimental renal failure in rats. The T1, and the measured tissue water content were used to calculate the fraction bound (FB) and hydration fraction (HF) according to a fast proton diffusion model. The present study demonstrated the possibility to differentiate between normal and pathological renal tissue resulting from renal artery clamping (RAC), renal pedicle clamping (RPC) with or without reflow, glycerol-induced acute renal failure with or without previous dehydration, and chronic hypertensive renal failure induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and saline loading, with low (6%) or normal (21 %) protein diet. Shortened T1, and prolonged T2found in both cortex and medulla of the glycerol-induced ARF in dehydrated rats seem to represent a MR ischemic pattern. The prolongation of T1and T2and the increase in water content in the other groups seem to relate to different amounts of tubular obstruction and renal congestion. In summary, characteristic MR properties of different types of renal failure may provide etiological and pathogenetic diagnostic possibilities.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047641

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We have recently described a rat model of acute cyclosporine nephrotoxicity characterized by rapid onset of reproducible mild to moderate renal failure. In the present studies, we have examined early pathophysiologic events and morphologic changes in this model. Following acute intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg of parenteral cyclosporine, renal blood flow (RBF) fell 24% from baseline. Intraperitoneal administration of an oral cyclosporine preparation (60 mg/kg) also reduced RBF (25%), as did administration of an equivalent volume of parenteral cremophore (23%). Renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased significantly in all these groups. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of mineral oil or olive oil oral vehicle produced no significant change in RBF (4% fall from baseline), and RVR actually decreased in these control animals. Following 2 daily doses of these agents, RBF remained significantly lower in rats given parenteral cyclosporine (5.10 mL/min vs 8.54 mL/min in cremophore rats and 7.28 mL/min in oil control rats) and renal vascular resistance remained high. Systemic blood pressure was also significantly lower in cyclosporine-treated rats at 2 days, and GFR was depressed. Morphologic studies revealed a correlation at 2 days between tubular vacuolation and renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance in cyclosporine-treated rats.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047642

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The application of lower body positive pressure with military antishock trousers (MAST) to dogs in a 45d` head-up tilt is known to increase cardiac output and blood pressure, and to maintain life. In the present study we used MAST in an attempt to improve the natriuretic response to saline loading in normal and edematous anesthetized dogs. Twelve normal dogs were saline-loaded (7% body weight) in the supine position with and without MAST 4 days apart. The increment in UNaV without MAST was 853.3±26µEq/min and averaged 870.4±33µEq/min with MAST (p>0.05). The dogs were then subjected to chronic thoracic caval constriction, and when ascitic were tested again. Now, the increment to acute volume loading was 87.6±12.1µEq/min without MAST and 92.8±8.8µEq/min with MAST (p>0.05). The application of lower body positive pressure (60-80 mm Hg legs; 40-60 mm Hg abdomen) is not effective in promoting a natriuretic response to acute volume loading in either normal or edematous dogs with profound disturbances to the Starling forces over an extensive vascular territory.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047643

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We have achieved smooth homeostasis in patients with acute renal and respiratory failure by means of machine-controlled, continuous ultrafiltration and simultaneous bicarbonate hemodialysis with a polysulfone, biocompatible membrane (CUPID). No adverse effects were seen, even after 22 days of continued treatment. Mortality was reduced (7/14) when compared to that of a similar group given short conventional daily acetate hemodialysis and ultrafiltration with a cuprophane membrane (12/18).

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047644

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 60-year-old man with rheumatiod arthritis, who developed acute reversible renal failure with nephrotic syndrome and tubulointerstitial nephritis in association with multiple-drug therapy, is described. The episode was ascribed to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent fenbufen, and the patient was reexposed to D-penicillamine within 6 months, reproducing the same renal lesion. There was no evidence of the glomerular lesions characteristically associated with D-penicillamine nephrotoxicity. D-penicillamine was the only drug therapy common to both episodes and it is concluded that it may cause tubulointerstitial nephritis with nephrotic syndrome.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860228709047645

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor