ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022157

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Wistar rats were used to study the protective effect of zinc-induced metallothionein (MT) synthesis on gentamicin nephrotoxicity. We found that s.c. pre-injection of ZnSC4(Zn 10 mg/kg/day) for 5 days could ameliorate proximal tubular necrosis and acute renal failure caused by an 8-day s.c. injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day), while preinjection of saline instead of zinc or zinc and gentamicin together could not. In the zinc-pretreated rats (n = 6), renal cortical metallothionein level was significantly higher than that of normal (n = 8, p<0.001) and the saline controls (n = 6, p<0.001). Since MT is a scavenger of hydroxyl radical, it is proposed that hydroxyl radical plays a role in the pathogenesis of gentamicin nephrotoxicity and that preinjection of zinc could ameliorate gentamicin nephrotoxicity via the induction of renal cortical MT synthesis.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022158

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) after renal transplantation is related to the duration of warm and cold ischemia and leads to temporary or permanent impairment of graft function. An increased incidence of ATN has been reported since the introduction of cyclosporin A. Kidney damage resulting from hypothermic storage is generated in part during reperfusion rather than during ischemia itself. Potential mediators of the reperfusion injury are oxygen-derived free radicals. Therefore, the influence of two oxygen radical antagonists, allopurinol and superoxide dismutase, was evaluated in syngeneic rat kidney transplantation with and without concurrent administration of cyclosporin A. At 15 h cold ischemia, 28-day survival increased from 8% (no treatment) to 22% (superoxide dismutase), 33% (superoxide dismutase and allopurinol), and 73% (allopurinol). Cyclosporin A cotreatment (10 mg/kg over 14 days) resulted in survival rates of 0%, 25%, 17%, and 50% for the respective treatment groups. The results of serum creatinine values and morphological evaluation of biopsies paralleled the survival rates. Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity was evidenced by significant serum creatinine elevations throughout the 28-day period of observation. In conclusion, allopurinol significantly protects syngeneic rat kidney transplants against a critical duration of cold ischemia. Under the conditions of this experiment, allopurinol was clearly superior to superoxide dismutase treatment. Cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity was, however, not ablated by the oxygen radical antagonists employed.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022159

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The antitumor drug celiptium (N2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium) is an ellipticine derivative effective in experimental tumors and in man. The major side effect is nephrotoxicity. The impairment of renal function is studied in rats following a single i.v. dose of 20 mg/kg celiptium and a long-term study (day 2 to day 60). A loss of body weight is noted in celiptium-treated animals between day 4 and day 15, and recovery occurs between day 15 and day 60. Histologic study shows cortical lesions characterized by focal necrosis of proximal tubules without any glomerular, interstitial, and vascular alterations on day 8. It is to be noted that any medullary lesions were not shown. A polyuria and a decreased creatinine clearance are reported on day 8. We were interested in a special study of this polyuria. For this study, rats were water deprived between day 6 and day 8 following celiptium administration. The decrease of urinary osmolality is not recovered after dehydration and exogenous vasopressin derivative (dD AVP) does not correct the renal concentration defect. AVP plasma levels increase after dehydration. These results suggest a pitressinoresistant urinary concentrating inability in celiptium-treated rats.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022160

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The activity of glomerulopressin, a putative renal vasoregulatory hormone that is synthesized in the liver, was assayed in male rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and the results were compared to glomerulopressin activity in normal-control and pair-fed animals. Glomerulopressin activity in blood samples collected from the hepatic vein of the cirrhotic group was significantly lower than the activity in the normal-control and pair-fed groups. Glomerulopressin activity in the normal-control and the pair-fed groups were not significantly different. The data support the concept that glomerulopressin deficiency in liver disease, such as cirrhosis, may play a role in the genesis of the functional renal failure associated with liver disease.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022161

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We studied renal function, urinary enzymes, urinary sediment, and renal histopathology in Fischer 344 rats that were treated with one dose of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) alone, HgCl2followed by gentamicin, gentamicin alone, or gentamicin, followed by HgCl2. HgCl2was administered intraperitoneally at 1 mg/kg body weight. Gentamicin was injected subcutaneously at 40 mg/kg body weight. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance. Urinary sediment was examined using transmission electron microscopy; particular attention was given to the numbers by myeloid bodies in the urinary sediment. Renal tissue was assessed using light microscopy for acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In either HgCl2- or saline-treated rats urinary sediment showed no myeloid bodies, and renal morphology was essentially normal. The rats given HgCl248 h prior to initiation of gentamicin therapy showed significant decrease of myeloid bodies excretion. This was accompanied by significantly less impairment of renal function, mild renal lesion, and no necrotic tubule cells in urinary sediment. The rats treated with either gentamicin alone or gentamicin followed by HgCl2developed significant impairment of renal function in association with marked elevation of the urinary enzymes, and variable extent of ATN. In both of these groups, urinary sediment showed a profusion of free myeloid bodies and many necrotic renal tubule cells. The urinary sediment findings, however, did not aid in distinguishing between these two treatment groups. From these data we conclude that (1) a tentative relationship exists betweeen the concentration of the urinary myeloid bodies and severity of gentamicin nephrotoxicity; (2) prior treatment with compound(s) analogous to HgCl2which could minimize urinary excretion of the myeloid bodies might be useful in the mitigation of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022162

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of aldose reductase inhibition on renal function in hyperphagic diabetic rats were examined at 3 months. To prevent a high dietary protein intake from influencing renal function, protein intake in the diabetic animals was reduced to that of nondiabetic animals. To determine the influence of renal prostaglandins, clearance studies were performed before and after indomethacin infusion. Experiments were performed in uninephrectomized sorbinil-treated and -untreated streptozocin-diabetic and sorbinil-treated and -untreated control rats. Despite normalizaiton of protein intake, the mean value of the inulin clearance (CIn, mL/min/100 g BW) was 83% greater in the untreated diabetic rats when compared to the untreated control rats (1.06±0.15 vs. 0.58±0.07; p<0.05). In contrast, the mean value of the CInin the sorbinil-treated diabetic rats was significantly less than that in the untreated diabetic rats and only 38% greater than the mean value in the sorbinil-treated control rats (0.84±0.17 vs. 0.61±0.05; p<0.05). In a similar fashion, without sorbinil treatment the mean value of renal blood flow (RBF, mL/min/100 g BW) was greater in the diabetic than the control rats (6.58±2.03 vs. 3.70±0.68; p<0.05); whereas the mean values of RBF in the sorbinil-treated diabetic and control rats were not significantly different (4.75±0.73 vs. 4.17±0.64; NS). Indomethacin infusion failed to cause changes in the CInand RBF in any group of animals. These data provide evidence that renal hemodynamic abnormalities occur in the diabetic kidney which are not a result of an increase in dietary protein intake or stimulation of renal prostaglandins. Furthermore, these data support the notion that increased polyol pathway activity is an important component of the renal hemodynamic abnormalities in the diabetic kidney.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022163

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This report describes a patient who developed cyclosporin-induced thrombotic microangiopathy in a renal allograft. Cyclosporin-induced thrombotic microangiopathy is considered by many as a contraindication to subsequent therapy with cyclosporin. This case is notable for successful treatment with cyclosporin following resolution of thrombotic microangiopathy in a renal allograft.

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022164

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0886-022X    

DOI:10.3109/08860229109022165

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor