摘要:

The liver plays a decisive role in the regulation of the plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins. The primary liver interaction site of chylomicron remnants and VLDL remnants (β-VLDL) is still unidentified, whereas the subsequent cellular uptake is likely to be mediated in concert by the LDL receptor-related protein and the LDL receptor. The nature of the primary interaction site of remnants (remnant receptor) might be a liver-specific proteoglycan or a liver-specific protein. Atherogenic modified LDL can be recognized by a family of scavenger receptors. A newly identified 95kDa protein forms the most likely candidate for mediating the in-vivo uptake of oxidized LDL from the circulation and may therefore, protect the body against the presence of oxidized LDL in the blood compartment.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Increased levels of IDL and small, dense LDL are associated with the risk of coronary artery disease. Possible mechanisms include increased susceptibility of small, dense LDL to oxidation, and to other pathologic effects, such as increased retention in the arterial wall. Beneficial effects of a low-fat diet and certain lipid-lowering therapies on the levels and properties of small, dense LDL or their precursors may contribute substantially to the reductions in coronary atherosclerosis observed in several Iipid-lowermg trials.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The processes that determine the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins, however, remain unclear. A new development that involves the interactions of lipoproteins, enzymes, apolipoproteins, and cell-surface heparan sulphate may explain, at least in part, the enhanced atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. In addition, the development of specific transgenic apolipoproteins, and apolipoprotein-deficient mice models that develop atherosclerosis, provide new tools for studies on the role of native apolipoprotein-B containing lipoproteins in atheroma formation.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The inverse relationship between HDL and apolipoprotein A-l concentrations and the risk for premature atherosclerosis is well established, but the mechanism whereby apolipoprotein A-l offers protection is still somewhat elusive. Recent studies suggest that a specific subpopulation within the lipoprotein (Al) subclass may be more effective than others in promoting cholesterol efflux from cells. In addition, it appears that the lipid-free form of apolipoprotein A-l may have an important role in the antiatherosclerotic process. Unique new functions of apolipoprotein A-l-containing particles in modulating cytokines and lipid hydroperoxide transport, together with their role in antiatherogenesis, are also discussed. Current research with transgenic mice, however, indicates that apolipoprotein A-ll must be taken into consideration in understanding the development of atherosclerosis, because it appears to be a potent antagonist for the protective properties of apolipoprotein A-l.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oxidatively damaged LDL may be of pivotal importance in atherogenesis. This review focuses on the cellular pathways involved in LDL oxidation in vitro, the biological properties of oxidized LDL, and the implications of these findings for the role of LDL oxidation in the development of atherosclerosis.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The oxidation of LDL by a number of different cell types has been studied and described. Cells may be able to initiate and seed peroxides in LDL but, in the absence of metals or peroxidase activity, may not be able to oxidize the lipoprotein. Monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils are able to initiate and propagate lipid peroxidation. The oxidative role of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells may be restricted solely to the generation of hydrogen peroxide or other oxidants. The above rationale presents a problem in using LDL preparations that already contain peroxides, and in using media that generate peroxides independently of cells.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of the lipid-rich core region in atherogenesis is beginning to be understood, from its inception in early lesions to its catastrophic effects in promoting plaque rupture in late lesions. Besides the lipid-rich core, recent studies on human and animal atherosclerosis have drawn attention to atherogenic lipoproteins larger than LDL, unesterified cholesterol in lesions, apolipoprotein E as an antiatherogenic factor, macrophages as atherogenic effector cells, and unexpectedly slow rates of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The importance of the haemostatic system in predisposing to or precipitating coronary heart disease has gained increasing recognition. Major advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms resulting in hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolytic function. Emphasis is placed on the role of dyslipoproteinaemia and insulin resistance.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID