摘要:

During the past year several issues ofCurrent Opinion in Lipidologyhave covered cell biological topics. For example, the recent issue on Genetics and molecular biology reviewed the exciting new area of post-translational protein modifications [1] and a newly described lipoprotein receptor termed the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein [2]. Progress in the area of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor was also reviewed in a recent issue [3].

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Isoprenoids are lipids formed by the sequential condensation of the five-carbon isoprene unit, isopentenyl diphosphate, and have many diverse functions within the cell. A new pathway that involves the post-translational modification of certain proteins with farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprene groups, linked by a thioether bond to a cysteine at or near to the carboxyl terminus, is discussed.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall constitutes the first step in reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on the metabolism and mechanisms of efflux of cellular cholesterol located in the plasma membrane, lysosomes and cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester inclusions. Factors that modulate the efflux of cholesterol from the plasma membrane pool can be expected to influence the clearance of all other cellular pools, since cholesterol efflux from this pool is usually rate-limiting.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Macrophage scavenger receptors are trimeric membrane glycoproteins with unusual ligand-binding properties which have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Two types of complementary DNAs for macrophage scavenger receptors have been cloned and expressed. An understanding of the structure and function of this family of receptors will provide new insights into the mechanism of foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mildly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may have very different effects on cells to those of highly oxidized LDL, which may be overtly toxic. Mildly oxidized LDL is a potent inducer of the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and colony-stimulating factors by endothelial cells in culture and stimulates monocyte binding to them. It may possibly be formed in the normal arterial wall and lead to the formation of very early atherosclerotic lesions, whereas highly oxidized LDL may be formed later and lead to lesion progression.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exposure of isolated arteries to preparations of oxidatively modified human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) impairs arterial relaxation in response to agents that act by stimulating the release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor from endothelial cells. Recent clinical studies suggest that hypercholesterolemic states are associated with a vasomotor syndrome of impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation that resembles the functional defect produced by oxidized LDLin vitro.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is growing evidence that oxidized lipoproteins existin vivounder certain conditions. Circumstantial evidence suggests lipoprotein oxidation may be an important event in atherosclerosis. Oxidized lipoproteins can be potent cytotoxinsin vitro, although the manifestations of this cytoxicityin vivoare unknown. Current studies emphasize identifying the cytotoxic moieties, how they are formed and how they injure cells.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Results from epidemiological studies have indicated that high plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) are an independent risk factor in the early development of arteriosclerosis. In addition to these data, biochemical and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of apolipoprotein (a) in vessel wall tissue. The mechanism for the atherogenicity of lipoprotein (a) has been studied in more detail recently and evidence obtained that apolipoprotein (a) interferes with fibrinolysis.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A recent review of epidemiological studies indicate that triglycerides are an important risk factor for premature coronary artery disease and/or myocardial infarction. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that accumulate in hypertriglyceridemic subjects may be involved both in atherogenesis and in thrombogenesis. Studies published in the last year confirm and extend earlier observations that hypertriglyceridemic very-low-density lipoproteins are abnormal and potentially atherogenic or thrombogenic due to abnormal receptor-mediated interactions with fibroblasts, macrophages or endothelial cells.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Circulating immune complexes containing low-density lipoprotein have been detected in the blood of patients with various vascular disorders. These immune complexes are the blood components responsible for primary cholesterol accumulation in vascular cells and are accompanied by stimulation of other atherosclerotic manifestations at cellular level, namely cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. It could be suggested that the presence of low-density lipoprotein-containing immune complexes in the blood promotes the onset and development of atherosclerotic lesions in the vessel wall.

ISSN:0957-9672    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID