摘要:

AbstractNon‐random translocations involving the short arm of chromosome 19 are frequently observed in acute leukemias. Recent studies have shown that the 19p13 genesE2AandLYL1, both of which encode helix‐loop‐helix proteins, lie at two different translocation breakpoints in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). TheE2Agene is involved by the t(1;19)(q23;p13) in acute pre‐B‐cell leukemias and theLYL1gene is structurally altered by a t(7;19)(q34;p13) in T‐cell ALL. To assess the role of these genes in other leukemia‐associated translocations we mapped their locations with respect to the t(11;19)(q23;p13) and t(4;19)(q21;p13) translocation breakpoints carried by T‐ALL cell lines SUP‐T13 and SUP‐T8a, respectively. In situ hybridization studies indicated that theE2AandLYL1genes are physically distinct from the t(4;19) and t(11;19) breakpoints. Using these and other 19p13 translocation breakpoints as landmarks, we established a partial physical map of 19p: 19pter‐E2A‐INSR‐LYL1‐[t(4;19), t(11;19)]‐19cen. These data should help guide molecular studies to further characterize 19p13 breakpoints and mapping of gen

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOligonucleotide probes have been used to map the myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene locus to chromosome bands 17q21–22. This is in agreement with results reported using conventional cDNA probes. No evidence for the existence of a secondMPOgene locus was obtained. Six synthetic 72‐base oligonucleotides, corresponding to different exon regions of theMPOgene, were tritium‐labeled and used as in situ hybridization probes. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes offer a useful alternative to conventional DNA probes for gene ma

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene has been previously localized to the region 17q11.2 by genetic analysis. Consistent with this, two NF1 patients have been described with autosomal translocations with breakpoints in 17q11.2, and these represent presumed markers for the location of theNF1gene. Recent work has defined the two breakpoints on a physical map, and they lie less than 100 kb apart. To characterize further the distance between these breakpoints and clone additional DNA, a chromosome jump was made from a DNA fragment that maps between the breakpoints. The end of the jump crosses one of the NF1 translocation breakpoints and detects that breakpoint on Southern analysis, placing the probe less than 15 kb telomeric to this breakpoint. Pulsed field analysis with the jump clone allows revision of the previousNF1region map and indicates that the two breakpoints lie no more than 60 kb apart. This jump clone will be useful for further mapping, breakpoint cloning, analysis of patient DNA, and the search for transcripts in theNF1region.

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytogenetic data on 14 breast carcinomas were examined to determine which chromosome arms and bands are preferentially involved in structural chromosome changes. Chromosome arms 17p, 16q, and 1p and band 1p13 were found to be significantly involved. A review of the world literature confirmed 1p as being the most frequently involved arm in structural chromosome changes in breast cancer and 1p13 as being the band most frequently involved in such changes. The two sets of results were pooled, and the analysis of 113 tumours revealed 229 of 304 bands to be involved, with 1p13 affected in 20% of the tumours.

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn animal model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been developed in the Brown Norway (BN) rat and has successfully been introduced into the Lewis x BN F1hybrid (LBN) and designated LBN AML. The original LBN AML is sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CY). Recently, a CY‐resistant cell line of LBN AML has been established. To characterize this animal model of human leukemia better, we analyzed and compared the chromosomal makeup of both the CY‐sensitive and CY‐resistant LBN AML lines. The CY‐sensitive LBN AML cultures contained two cell lines—line 1 (88%):41, XX, –1, –2, –9,del(12)(q16),+der(1)t(1;?8)(p13;q31),+der(2)t(2;9)(p11;q11); and line 11 (12%): 41,XX,–1,–2,–9,del(12),del(20)(q13)+der(1)t(1;?8)(p13;q31),+der(2)t(2;9)(p11;q11). The recently developed CY‐resistant AML cells contained two cell lines—line 1 (88%): 41,XX,–1,–2,–9,del(3)(q36q42.1),del(4)(q42.2),?t(5;?)(q35;?),?t(8;?)(q24;?),del(12)(q16),+der (1)t(1;?8)(p13;q31),+der(2)t(2;9)(p11;q11); and line II (12%): 42,XX (probably represents host contamination). The new chromosomal aberrations in the CY‐resistant line 1 [del(3)(q36q42.1),del(4)(q42.2),?t(5;?)(q35;?), and ?t(8;?)(q24;?)] suggest a possible interrelationship between these secondary karyotypic abnormalities and acquisition of resista

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMalignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) often have complex karyotypic abnormalities. Recently, we described a 19p+ marker chromosome in 9 of 22 MFH. Other recurrent karyotypic features have been telomeric associations, ring chromosomes, and structural rearrangements of chromosomal bands 1q11, 3p12, and 11p11. After a median follow‐up time of 18 months, distant metastases and/or local recurrence have occurred in 8 of the 9 patients with 19p+ markers but in only 4 of the 13 patients without. The only other cytogenetic parameter that seemed to affect relapse tendency was the presence of ring markers: relapse has occurred in 2 of 8 patients with unidentifiable supernumerary ring marker chromosomes compared to 10 of 14 patients without. No differences in relapse frequency were apparent for tumors belonging to the other cytogenetic subgroups. It thus appears that 19p+ marker chromosomes in MFH signal an increased relapse risk whereas the finding of ring markers indicates a reduced relapse ris

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLittle is known about the genetics and biology of cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma). Only three human bile duct carcinoma cell lines have been described in the literature. We present the first detailed cytogenetic analysis of two cell lines; a new cell line designated PCI:SG231, established in our laboratory, and RPMI‐7451, a previously established cell line. Both lines had highly aneuploid karyotypes with complex rearrangements including marker chromosomes. PCI:SG231, harvested after 50 days in culture, had a modal and median chromosome number of 65, and many cells contained double‐minute chromosomes. RPMI‐7451 had a modal and median chromosome number of 67. C‐banding confirmed the presence of dicentric chromosomes in PCI:SG231. Q‐banding confirmed the absence of the Y chromosome in PCI:SG231 and the presence of a der(1)t(Y;1)(q11;p11) chromosome in RPMI‐7451. Numerical abnormalities common to both lines included trisomies 2, 5, 11, and 20. Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, and 12 were most commonly involved in structural abnormalities in both lines. Consistent chromosomal breakpoints included 7q22 and 12p11–12 PCI:SG231 was tumorigenic in immunosuppressed nude mice and was histologically similar to the original tumor. Additional cholangiocarcinoma cell lines are being developed to continue the study of the genetics and cell biology of

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution was detected in five uterine leiomyomas. In two tumors, two clones were found, the third tumor had four, the fourth had nine, and the fifth had 12 clones. The first tumor had trisomy 12 as the primary anomaly and a sideline that also contained a del(7)(q21q31). Both clones of the second tumor had three structural changes in common but differed by the presence in the more advanced clone of an inv(7)(q31q34). Two cytogenetically unrelated pairs of clones were seen in the third tumor: One clone had a stemline of 46 and an r(1); a sideline had developed through duplication of this clone. The other pair had a del(7)(q21q31) in common. The last two tumors both had t(12;14)(q14–15;q23–24) as the primary abnormality. They also had a high frequency of telomeric associations that involved certain chromosome arms only. One of the secondary changes in the fourth tumor was a del(7)(q21q31); the principal secondary change in the fifth case was a ring chromosome 1 of variable size in the different clones. The analysis of these five uterine leiomyomas and the collation of the results with previously obtained data lead us to conclude that del(7)(q21q31) is secondary to t(12;14) and +12 in this tumor type, and that ring formation involving chromosome 1 material, often with duplication of segments, is a common phenomenon during clonal evolution. The fact that the tumors were classified as cellular and had an increased mitotic rate indicates a parallel development between histologically detectable tumor progression and cytogenetically recognizable clonal evolution in uterine leiomyo

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer technique has been used to introduce whole chromosomes into malignant cells and revert the tumorigenic phenotype. However, in most instances the limited availability of selectable chromosomes has hindered the ability to reduce the region containing the tumor suppressive information. The work presented here describes a new method to enrich for specific chromosomal arm deletions of selectable chromosomes and thereby more finely focus upon the genetic region of interest. The irradiation‐microcell mediated chromosome transfer (XMMCT) technique involves the irradiation of microcells containing single human chromosomes followed by fusion to a nonirradiated host and cytogenetic characterization. The XMMCT procedure was performed on a microcell hybrid containing a der(11) as the only human chromosome. The resultant irradiated microcell hybrids were found to have deletions that ranged from simple interstitial deletions to complex deletions/rearrangements involving only the human der(11) chromosome. The XMMCT procedure has broad applications in generating chromosomal reagents for mapping genetic loci and for use in functional analyses such as tumor suppression stud

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytogenetic analysis was performed on 16 primary tumors, 2 effusions, and 3 cell lines from 21 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In 20 patients specimens were obtained prior to initiating cytotoxic therapy. Extensive clonal chromosome alterations were found in all cases. The most frequent numerical changes were polysomy 7 and polysomy 20 (each seen in 12 specimens). In addition, tumor cells from another six cases exhibited partial trisomy 7, with the shortest region of overlap (SRO) at 7p11–p13. Rearrangements of chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 15, 17, and 19 were each observed in nine or more tumors. Breakpoints were clustered at several chromosomal sites, including 1p13, 3p13, 15p11–q11, 17p11, and 19q13. Recurrent loss involving 1p, 3p, 6q, 11p, 15p, 17p, and 19q were each seen in at least eight cases. The SRO of 3p losses was at band 3p21. Double minute chromosomes were found in three tumors. Overall, our findings indicate that even though karyotypes in newly diagnosed NSCLC are very complex, recurrent cytogenetic changes can be identified. The high incidence of loss of 17p (14 of 21 specimens) appears to be compatible with reports implicating theTP53gene (at band 17p13) as a frequent site for genetic alteration in lung cancer. Moreover, the recurrence of loss of 3p (12 cases) and 11p (10 cases) is also consistent with recent molecular evidence. The existence of other “hot spots” for cytogenetic change, particularly those involving specific regions on chromosomes 7, 15, and 19, warrants further molecular investigation of these sites

ISSN:1045-2257    

DOI:10.1002/gcc.2870020411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY