摘要:

Summary.A semi‐quantitative study of the extraparenchymal Leydig cells in the tunica albuginea testis and spermatic cord was performed on histological sections immunostained with anti‐testosterone antibodies in the testes and spermatic cords obtained from human foetuses, adults and elderly men without testicular or related diseases (autopsy specimens), as well as from adult men with cryptorchidism (surgical specimens). The albugineal Leydig cells appeared in small groups in the vicinity of blood vessels. The Leydig cells of the spermatic cord usually appeared inside or around nerve trunks. The percentages of testes and spermatic cords with extraparenchymal Ley‐dig cells were higher in the cryptorchid testis group than in the normal male groups. The number of Leydig cells per mm2in the tunica albuginea testis was higher in normal adult males than in foetuses. This number decreased in elderly men and increased markedly in cryptorchidism. The number of Leydig cells per mm2in the spermatic cord was also higher in normal adults than in foetuses and it did not change with either advancing age or cryptorchidism. In foetuses, the percentage of cells intensely immunostained by antitestosterone antibodies in the tunica albuginea and spermatic cord did not differ significantly from that found in the testicular parenchyma, whereas in the other three groups (adult, elderly, and cryptorchid men) the percentages of these cells in the tunica albuginea and spermatic cord were significantly lower than in the testicular paren

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Plasma membrane alterations accompanyingin vitrocapacitation and acrosome reaction of goat spermatozoa were studied using lectin labelling, scanning electron microscopy, and freeze‐fracture methods. Fluorescein isothi‐ocyanate linked lectins namely;Canavalia ensiformis(ConA),Maclura pomifera(MPA),Arachis hypogaea(PNA),Glycine max(SBA) andTriticum vulgaris(WGA) agglutinin were used to examine the distribution of surface carbohydrates during these two events. The head and the sperm tail reveal altered lectin labelling features after capacitation and acrosome reaction. After capacitation the surface coat components for MPA, SBA, and WGA are shed from the spermatozoon head. ConA receptors on the head are retained after capacitation but are partially shed in the acrosome reacted spermatozoa. SBA receptor sites appear on the sperm tail of the capacitated spermatozoa. Unusual morphological changes attending capacitation involve the sperm tail‐end which develops a novel entity, which we have termed ‘spatula’. The ‘spatula’ shows strong binding with ConA and WGA only. In the acrosome reacted spermatozoa the spatulated tail‐end unwinds with a concomitant loss of lectin labelling. Highly ordered membrane particles, ‘ladders’ of the middle piece of the epididymal sperm tail, disappear and IMP clearings appear on the middle piece and in the spatulated ends of the capacitated spermatozoa. But in the acrosome reacted sperm IMPs reappear and are randomly disposed on the middle‐piece and are clustered in small patches on the principal‐piece. IMP free areas appear on the plasma membrane covering the acrosome and the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) of the capacitated spermatozoa. The plasma membrane and OAM fuse at multiple foci and appear as acrosomal ‘ghosts’ which remain associated with the sperm head e

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa with different morphological disturbances was evaluated after application of the triple staining method. After triple staining, spermatozoa which display only a small or an undetectable acrosomal region in Papanicolaoustained semen smears, turn out to be unable to perform an acrosome reaction, whereas merely post‐acrosomally hyperelongated spermatozoa show a normal ability for acrosome reactio

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.We compared the antigonadotropic activity of the GnRH antagonists Nal‐Glu, Antide and Cetrorelix in a non‐human primate model (Macaca fascicularis). Orchidectomized animals received a single subcutaneous injection at doses of 250 μg kg−1(n= 4), 625 μg kg−1(n= 4) and 1250 μg kg−1(n= 3) of the compounds Nal‐Glu ([Ac‐D‐Nal (2)1, D‐4‐Cl‐Phe2, D‐Pal3, Arg5, D‐Glu(AA)6, D‐Ala10]‐GnRH), Antide (Nal‐Lys, [Ac‐D‐Nal1, D‐4‐Cl‐Phe2, D‐Pal3, Nic‐Lys5, D‐Nic‐Lys6, Ip‐Lys8, D‐Ala10]‐GnRH) or Cetrorelix ([Ac‐D‐Nal1, D‐4‐Cl‐Phe2, D‐Pal3, D‐Cit6, D‐Ala10]‐GnRH). Blood samples were collected before and 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after GnRH antagonist administration. Serum was analysed for concentrations of bioactive LH and immunoactive LH and FSH. All three compounds decreased LH secretion within 3–12 h (P<0.05) and FSH secretion within 12–48 h (P<0.05) after injection. Major differences between the GnRH antagonists were observed with regard to the effective dose and duration of action. At a dose of 250 μg kg−1Nal‐Glu and Antide only transiently suppressed LH and FSH release, whereas Cetrorelix induced complete inhibition (P<0.05) which lasted for the entire observation period. At a dose of 625 μg kg−1Cetrorelix exhibited the longest duration of action and Nal‐Glu the shortest. At the highest dose of 1250 μg kg−1Nal‐Glu, Antide and Cetrorelix markedly inhibited LH and FSH secretion throughout the entire study period. With Nal‐Glu (625 and 1250 μg kg−1) bioactive LH secretion appeared more reduced compared to immunoactive LH. In conclusion, Nal‐Glu, Antide and Cetrorelix are potent inhibitors of LH and FSH secretion. In terms of the effective dose and duration of action Cetrorelix appeared most active, followed by Antide and N

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Immunological infertility is thought to be caused by the binding of antibodies to ‘fertility‐related’ antigen(s) on the sperm membrane. We compared antibody profiles in sera from 20 ASA (+) and ASA (‐) men, using a sperm membrane extract as an antigen. Antigens were separated by SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions. The patients were classed as ASA (+) by the MAR (>50%), d‐IBT (>20%) and TAT (>1:64). The results showed that immunoreactive bands in both the ASA (+) and ASA (‐) groups were heterogenous and included bands covering the whole molecular weight range. Statistical analysis showed significantly more patients in the ASA (+) group having immunoreactive bands at molecular weights of 32 Kd (P>= 0.006) and 79 Kd (P>= 0.02) when compared to the ASA (‐) group. In the ASA (‐) group significantly more patients had reactive bands at 81 Kd (P>= 0.01) when compared to the ASA (+) group. The 32 Kd antigen reacted only with sera from ASA (+) patients. We conclude that differences exist between the ASA (+) and ASA (‐) groups when this extraction method is used and that the isolation and purification of the 32 Kd protein may justify fu

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Bacteriospermia requiring medical treatment were diagnosed in more than 70% of the subfertile patients who had since 1988 attended the gynecological clinic at the RWTH hospital in Aachen. In 23% of all cases specific treatment with antibiotics did not reduce the concentrations of bacteria in sperma. Thirty‐six patients with bacteriospermia resistant to antibiotic therapy were then subjected to dental examination. A high incidence of potential dental foci was found in all patients. In a test group of 18 patients these sources of potential infection were eliminated. Between dental operations and therapy swabs were taken to determine bacterial levels and bacteriological composition. It could be demonstrated that the bacterial spectrum of the intraoral samples was almost identical with the spermiograms. Six months following completion of dental treatment a further spermiogram analysis was carried out. In the test group about two thirds of the spermiograms proved sterile. Spermatological parameters, such as motility, density and morphology, had also clearly improved. In the control group the findings of the spermiogram remained poor. This study indicates that a direct causal relationship exists between bacterial colonies (dental foci) and therapy‐resistant bacteriospermia which probably leads to subfertil

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Nimesulide, a novel non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, was used in cases of abacterial prostato‐vesiculitis. Thirty patients with a mean age of 33.7 years (range 18–58) were studied. Nimesulide was administered orally 100 mg b.i.d. for three cycles of 10 d each. Dysuric symptoms, semen analysis, and transrectal ultrasound were examined during the study. The concentration‐time curves of nimesulide (NIM) and its metabolite, hydroxynimesulide (OH‐NIM) in seminal fluid were also evaluated after single oral administration (100 mg) using an HPLC technique. Following administration of the drug, the Cmax was reached in seminal fluid at the second hour for NIM (with a mean value ± SD of 0.58 ± 0.13 μg ml−1) and at the fourth hour for OH‐NIM (2.98 ± 0.38 μg ml−1). Maximal seminal fluid concentrations compared to blood plasma levels were observed at the fourth hour for both substances (31.73 ± 2.34% for NIM; 31.87 ± 8.66% for OH‐NIM.Dysurie symptoms were relieved in 20 (66%) patients. A clear amelioration of inflammatory signs were observed at transrectal ultrasound evaluation in 16 (54%) patients. No statistically significant changes of sperm count and motility in the whole sample were observed, while a significant reduction in the number of abnormal forms occurred. From these results, nimesulide appears to be an effective anti‐inflammatory drug with a good diffusion into the genital ap

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1993.tb02702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY