摘要:

Summary.Sonography (ultrasound) is the mainstay for imaging morphologic abnormalities of the scrotum and testis. It is used primarily for determining the location and nature of palpable lesions and to demonstrate clinically occult, nonpalpable lesions. This article describes the state of the art of scrotal sonography. After an initial presentation of the normal sonographic appearance of the testis and epididymis, the diagnostic evaluation of the most common scrotal disorders is described.Scrotal sonography is characterized by high sensitivity in the detection of intrascrotal abnormalities and is a very good mode for differentiating testicular from paratesticular lesions. However, scrotal sonography is limited in determining whether a focal testicular lesion is benign or malignant. Unsatisfactory results are obtained by conventional sonography in the evaluation of testicular torsion. This gap in the diagnosis of scrotal pathologies is now being reliably filled by colour‐coded duplex sonograph

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00789.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The predominant acidic coagulum protein of freshly ejaculated human semen under reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) was purified for the first time from washed seminal coagulum keeping urea throughout the entire procedure. Washed seminal coagulum was isolated from fresh semen sample in acetate buffer at pH 4.5 at 0 °C, solubilized rapidly in deionized 4 M urea followed by reduction and carboxymethylation of disulfide bonds. By CM‐Sephadex and Sephacryl S‐300 high‐ resolution chromatography in presence of urea at room temperature, the predominant acidic coagulum protein was highly purified (99.1 %) with a yield of 2.7% of the coagulum protein. The molecular weight of the purified protein in reducing SDS‐PAGE

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00790.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Leydig cells were isolated from adult male guinea‐pig testes using a multi‐step procedure involving enzymatic dissociation and Percollgradient centrifugation. The following description is the first account of a successful isolation of adolescent guinea‐pig Leydig cells. The enriched Leydig‐cell preparation routinely isolated from six intact testicles yielded approximately 5.0 × 106±0.7 × 106(±SEM) Leydig cells with a viability of 98.0 ± 0.4% as determined using the trypan‐blue exclusion method. The purity of the isolated cell population as assessed by 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) staining averaged 82.5 ± 0.8%. Under light microscopy, guinea‐pig Leydig cells were polyhedral in shape with a large prominent nucleus and a distinct nucleolus. The acidophilic cytoplasm contained numerous lipid‐filled vesicles. Ultrastructurally, guinea‐pig Leydig cells displayed an eccentrically located ovoid nucleus with dark‐staining peripheral heterochromatin. Large quantities of mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and particulate‐laden lipid droplets were also evident. The steroidogenic potential of the isolated Leydig cells was verified using a maximally stimulating dose of ovine LH (100ng ml−1) and human CG (200 mIU ml−1). Leydig cells incubated in a shaking (120 cycles min−1) water bath for 3 h at 37 °C in capped polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes produced 233 ± 21 ng and 223 ± 18 ng testosterone per 1 × 106cells when maximally stimulated with oLH or hCG, respectively. The inclusion of low (1–5 μM) levels of sodium ascorbate during culture enhanced significan

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00791.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to study the changes which human sperm chromatin went through after various physical and chemical treatments. This technique showed a dilatation of the spatial relationship among chromatin linear arrays, with UV and DNAse among the treatments that gave rise to the highest increase. FRET image analysis showed that the chromatin linear arrays after treatment reach a spatial disarrangement similar to that brought about by sperm decondensation. Comparison of these results with the ability of human treated sperm to form pronuclei after microinjection into hamster eggs, suggests that the highly condensed spatial organization of sperm chromatin arrays may not be a necessary prerequisite for pronucleus formation.

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The distribution of carcinoma‐in‐situwas investigated in the longitudinal course of human seminiferous tubules. Serial sections of tubular segments, measuring 9330 μm and 1600 μm in length respectively, were analysed.The tubules exhibited a local accumulation of tumour cells. Areas with abundant tumour cells followed areas that were free of tumour cells. The original coiled configuration of the seminiferous tubules was reconstructed with the help of a three‐dimensional crepe rubber model. The model showed that tumour‐bearing tubular segments lay close together, even if they were actually situated far distant from each other in the longitudinal course of the tubule.Consequently, distant tubular segments can be attached to a common area of the interstitial tissue. This corresponds to the observation that histological sections frequently show clustered CIS‐tubules surrounded by tubules exhibiting spermatogenesis. It is a subject for debate whether the interstitial tissue connects tubular segments to functional testi

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The aim of the study was to compare thein vitroeffect of pentoxifylline on human sperm motility when added prior to sperm selection and the persistence of the response after drug removal in normo‐ and asthenozoospermic individuals. The sperm samples were obtained from 22 men who were repeatedly asthenozoospermic or normozoospermic. Sperm movement was measured using computer‐assisted semen analysis over 180 min. Percentage motility and progressive motility were increased in both normo‐ and asthenozoospermic samples (P<0.05). Curvilinear velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat‐cross frequency were increased in both groups (P<0.05). Straight‐line velocity was increased significantly in the normozoospermic group only. In both normo‐and asthenozoospermic individuals pentoxifylline appeared to enhance sperm motility for at least 180 min after drug removal. This should prevent any potentially toxic effects of the drug on oocytes if it is used to enhance sperm motility duringin vitrofe

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Effects of short‐term high‐dose testosterone propionate treatment on medium molecular‐weight proteins (lactoferrin, albumin, prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen) and on zinc and fructose levels were investigated in the seminal plasma of seven normal volunteers. A significant reduction in levels of prostatic‐acid phosphatase, zinc and, to a lesser degree, prostate‐specific antigen, lactoferrin and fructose was observed on the 14th day of androgen treatment, concomitantly with the maximal increase in free androgen‐circulating levels. The data obtained suggest that testosterone administration may induce a reduction in the sex accessory‐gland secretion. Indeed, this effect tends to disappear with withdrawal of hormone treatment. Therefore, the authors suggest a close follow‐up of prostatic and vesicular function during the long‐term high‐dose testosterone intake, used frequently as anabolic treatment by athlete

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In the present study ejaculates from six infertile men with antisperm antibodies were processed on a six step discontinuous percoll gradient. This treatment yielded a sperm fraction with a different percentage of sperm with antisperm antibodies. The resultant sperm preparation was incubated with immunobeads. Sperm were recovered following incubation by swim‐up. Sperm recovered at the end of processing showed reduced populations of antisperm antibodies. Even though sufficient numbers of sperm were obtained to consider assisted reproduction, reduced motility was recorded in four of the ejaculates when compared with routine processing. Following trial preparations of semen samples this technique may play a role in sperm selection for assisted conceptio

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY