ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Ejaculated spermatozoa from an infertile patient were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. All spermatozoa had abnormalities in the tail region. The abnormalities were divided into three types:(a). spermatozoa with a spherical tail. The tail was larger than the head in volume. This type of abnormality accounted for about 60% of the population;(b). spermatozoa with a blunt tail. The tails were about 2 μm in diameter and about 7 μm in length. This type of abnormality accounted for about 30% of the population of an ejaculate;(c). spermatozoa without a tail. Some of these had only a rudimentary tail. About 10% of the population belonged to this type. In types A and B, all components of the tail, except for dynein arms, were observed, but they were severely disarranged. Biopsy specimens of the testes and of the nasal mucosa of this patient were also investigated. The testicular biopsy showed defects in manchette formation. Normal development of the manchette could not be observed. The nasal epithelium showed absence of the inner dynein arms in th

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The adult human Sertoli cells produced lactate, estradiol‐17β, transferrin and inhibin; germ cells modulate synthesis of these compounds. In order to study the functional features of human Sertoli cellsin vitro, the aim of this study was to measure the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase activities (CK) in primary cultures of Sertoli cells prepared from young men (mean age: 29 years,n= 11). Five LDH isozymes have been found in Sertoli cells, the main fractions being the LDH3 and LDH4; each of them represented 30% of the total LDH activity. Furthermore, CK and ALP activities were measured in Sertoli cells. It is of note that the Sertoli cell ALP activity was 50% lower than that of germ cells. Whatever the Sertoli cell parameter measured herein, there is a great variability between patients and FSH (dbc AMP, as well as retinol, insulin, testosterone) is poorly effective in improving these enzymatic activitiesin vitro.We have confirmed that GGT was exclusively present in Sertoli cells and thus may be considered as a specific marker. LDH is involved in Sertoli cell glucose transformation and thus provided energetic substrates for germ cells. In contrast, the roles of CK and ALP remains to be clarified. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the existence of several enzymes namely LDH, GGT, ALP and CK in Sertoli cells prepared from adult human te

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Studies were performed to investigate the influence of long‐term lead acetate treatment on morphology of rat testis. No marked changes were observed by means of light microscopy. At all stages (I—XIV) of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, all generations and layers of spermatogenic cells were present. Electron‐microscopic studies did not reveal any ultrastructural changes neither in seminiferous epithelium nor in Sertoli cells. In Leydig cells also, no ultrastructural abnormalities were visible. Macrophages of testicular interstitial tissue contained electron‐dense inclusions, usually located inside phagoliso‐some‐like vacuoles. X‐ray micro‐analysis revealed that the inclusions

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Static measurements of immuno‐reactive inhibin have proven of little relevance in the diagnosis of testicular disorders. Dynamic evaluation of the inhibin secretory reserve might detect a specific Sertoli cell defect in a subgroup of infertile men. We compared the response of inhibin and steroids to an intravenous injection of pure FSH (Metrodin, Serono, 300 IU) in 13 infertile men with unilateral cryptorchidism to that in eight normal fertile men. Blood was aspirated before, 24, 48, and 72 h after the FSH injection. Two subgroups of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism were detected: those who responded by secreting inhibin in a pattern similar to normal men (seven patients), and those who responded poorly or not at all (six patients). The presumed cause of this difference is a defect of Sertoli cell reserve function due to a combination of insults to the testes, and not to cryptorchidism itself. The difference in response to FSH cannot be predicted from semen analysis nor from static hormone measurements. Overall, inhibin levels correlated significantly with the serum concentrations of FSH (r = ‐0.36,P<0.05), testosterone (r = 0.37,P<0.05), and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (r = 0.66,P<0.001).It is concluded that, in infertile men with unilateral cryptorchidism, stimulation of Sertoli cells by FSH can identify a subgroup of patients with Sertoli cell malfunction involving inhibin synt

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A boar with decapitated spermatozoa was examined. The growth rate and libido were normal. The right testis was in the scrotum, but the left one was intra‐abdominal. Ejaculated spermatozoa and tissue specimen from both testes were observed by light and electron microscopy. Only tailless heads and headless tails of spermatozoa were observed in the ejaculate. The ratio of heads to tails was about 1:4. Motility of the headless tails was about 25%. The proximal extremity in the tail was occupied by the proximal centriole. The basal plate could not be found in the head or in the tail. Pathogenesis of decapitated spermatozoa in the present case was analysed by investigating spermiogenesis in the scrotal testis. Since the pair of centrioles failed to approach the nucleus, mechanical connection between the proximal centriole and the nucleus did not seem to be established. In addition, the basal plate was not formed on the nuclear membrane. Since the ratio of tailless heads to headless tails was also 1:4 in the testis, it was concluded that the heads had already detached the tails in the testi

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Selective chemical sympathectomy of the internal genital organs of prepubertal to mature male Wistar rats was performed by chronic treatment with low doses of guanethidine. Sympathetic denervation caused an increase in intratesticular progesterone levels in prepubertal and early pubertal rats in addition to a decrease in androstenedione and testosterone levels in prepubertal animals, thus indicating a decrease in the conversion of progesterone into androgen, probably by blocking the steroidogenic enzymatic pathway at the 17 α‐hydroxylase/17,20 desmolase level. A lower degree of testicular maturation, probably related to reduced androgen activity, was observed in prepubertal and early pubertal sympathectomized rats. Concentration of spermatozoa, on the other hand, was increased in the enlarged cauda epididymidis of late pubertal and mature denervated animals. This result is discussed in terms of the impairment of epididymal mechanisms of seminal emission, fluid resorption and spermatozoal dispos

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The presence of antisperm antibodies was considered as one of the main causes of maleinfertility. This study was conducted on 776 semen samples of the male partners of infertile couples in order to evaluate the immunological factor. The detection of antisperm antibodies was performed by means of the direct Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction (MAR) test. A positive test was found in 35 samples. Hence, the prevalence of immunological infertility in this study is 4.5% among the male partners of infertile couples. Further explorations were performed on men with positive results, in order to detect the presence of antibodies in the sera by means of the indirect MAR tests, and sperm immobilization tests for quantitating the cytotoxic activity of the antibodies. The indirect MAR tests showed that 97% of the antibodies were present in sera, whereas 51% of the samples were cytotoxic. Routine semen analysis indicated that around 60% of the semen samples with antisperm antibodies were good. Semen culture showed that positive results were detected in 40% of samples. Clinical evaluations revealed that the presence of antisperm antibodies may have been the cause of long‐standing infertility, on average 5 years, and were not all primary. Evaluations of all clinical and laboratory findings indicated that unilateral testis obstruction and male accessory gland infection were the main pathologies foun

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Morphology and motility are important parameters for assessing the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. This investigation reports a systematic study on the profiles of these parameters after Percoll gradient centrifugation. Spermatozoa from normal human semen were fractionated by discontinuous Percoll gradients (30%, 45%, 75%, 90%). Spermatozoa washed with Earle's balanced salt solution were used as a control. After centrifugation, sperm morphology was evaluated according to strict criteria; motility was assessed by a computer‐assisted semen analysis system. The results showed that the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology increased, while those with severe morphological defects decreased, as the density of Percoll increased. The percentages of motile spermatozoa and hyperactivated spermatozoa, and the velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement of the spermatozoa were significantly higher in the 75% and 90% Percoll fractions than that in the 30% and 45% ones, and in the control. These results demonstrated that Percoll density gradient centrifugation enriched spermatozoa in terms of morphology and motilit

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY