摘要:

Summary.The sperm function of fertile men (control), infertility patients (experimental), and men with varicocele were compared. The bioassays used were the follicular fluid‐induced acrosome reaction, the binding to the zona pellucida, and the penetration of zona‐free hamster oocytes. The percentage (mean ± SEM) of reacted spermatozoa was 35 ± 3 in the control, 22±1 in the experimental, and 22 ± 3 in the varicocele. The minimum value of acrosome reaction in control men was 20%. The mean number of zona‐bound spermatozoa was 250 ± 30 in the control, 160 ± 28 in the experimental, and 196 ± 44 in the varicocele. The minimum number of zona bound spermatozoa in control men was 50. The mean number of hamster oocytes penetrated was 50 ± 8 in the control, 19 ± 3% in the experimental, and 10 ± 3 in the varicocele. The minimum number of oocytes penetrated in control men was 6%. In the experimental group, 22 men had a normal sperm function, 58 had 1 or 2 bioassays below the minimum (relative dysfunction), and 10 had all bioassay below the minimum (abnormal sperm function). The results of these bioassays could help to reclassify the infertile men in se

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The tail beat frequency (TBF) of sperm was measured with a sperm‐head fixation method which was based on the tendency of sperm to attach its head to the surface of a glass slide. Ferrous sulphate, a promotor of lipid peroxidation, inhibited TBF within 5 min of mixing with sperm. This inhibition can be reversed dose‐dependently by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and albumin. It was concluded that TBF could be a new pharmacological model for studying the effect of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant on sperm motility. Both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants can be screened with this m

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The ability of spermatozoa to fertilize an oocyte depends on a sequence of events ending ultimately in the decondensation of the sperm chromatin on penetration of the oocyte. Knowledge of what percentage of sperm decondenses is useful, especially in patients where other functional tests and sperm quality fail to explain the reported poorin vitrofertilization (IVF) rates. The objective of this study was (1) to compare sperm decondensation induced by either SDS/EDTA or heparin with semen parameters (volume, concentration, motility and morphology), and (2) to evaluate the use of a simplified staining technique (Diff QuikR[DQ]) in comparison with the standard phase contrast method (Rose Bengal‐[RB]). Randomly selected semen samples from 31 men attending an assisted reproductive programme were analysed for basic semen parameters and decondensation with SDS/EDTA and heparin. Two staining methods for the evaluation of decondensation were compared (phase contrast microscopy after Rose Bengal [RB] staining and light microscopy after Diff QuikR(DQ) staining). Moderate and grossly swollen sperm heads were recorded. Semen samples included both fertile and unfertile semen parameters. Sperm decondensation results showed poor to moderate correlations with semen parameters. The SDS/EDTA (DQ) (moderate forms) showed a significant negative correlation (r= ‐0.46) with seminal volume and and a significant positive correlation (r= 0.41) with normal sperm morphology. The heparin (DQ) (moderate forms) decondensation showed a significant positive correlation with motility (r= 0.61) and sperm concentration (r= 0.43). The DQ method was preferred over the RB method due to its optical and storage advantage. Sperm decondensation by SDS/EDTA and heparin have limited use in the IVF laboratory as they correlate poorly with semen parameters. Future studies should investigate the use of an ooplasmic factor similar to nucleoplasmin inXenopus laevis

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A fraction from bovine seminal vesicle fluid that initiated acrosome reaction of bovine epididymal spermatozoain vitroin the presence of heparin was prepared by sequential chromatographies on heparin‐Sepharose, gel filtration (Superose 12) and reversed phase chromatography (ProRPC). Sequence analysis of the separated fraction showed that it contained the major protein (PDC‐109) with 100% homology. This fraction contained also Ca2+‐dependent phospholipase A2‐like activity which hydrolysed phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine with 14C‐labelled linoleic (lino‐PE, lino‐PC) or arachidonic acid (ara‐PE, ara‐PC) at sn‐2 position. This protein was not detected in N‐terminal sequence analysis. Lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and p‐bromophenacyl bromide (p‐BPB) inhibited this lipolytic activity. Sulfoglycolipid (Seminolipid) had inhibitory effect at concentrations above 0.1 mM but activated slightly the enzyme at lower concentrations. Boiling destroyed acrosome initiating activity

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Changes in generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities are associated with differentiation processes. The authors have studied the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in sequentially cut stage‐defined segments of rat seminiferous tubules. Great variation was observed in SOD activity along the seminiferous epithelial wave. At its highest, fourfold increases were observed in individual tubules. However, these changes showed no clear correlation to the stages of the cycle. To determine the effect of testosterone withdrawal, rats treated with ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS) were studied. This treatment had no effect on the pattern of SOD activity along the seminiferous epithelial wave. Testes of other rats were exposed to local 3.0 Gy X—irradiation to cause selective loss of germ‐cell populations. SOD activity in the seminiferous epithelium was not affected at 30 min or 7 d after X—irradiation. On day 31 post‐irradiation, SOD activity increased at stages XIV‐VI, peaking at stage III (P<0.01 for comparison of stages XIV‐VI with the other stages). The data presented here suggest that the activity of SOD in seminiferous epithelium is regulated over a wide range during spermatogenesis. Testosterone plays no major role in the control of seminiferous tubule SOD activity. The loss of spermatocytes and early spermatids by day 31 after X‐irradiation revealed a stage‐specific increase in SOD activity, which may be associated with the differentiation of elo

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Chromatin packing, mostly due to disulfide bond formation, is one important step in epididymal sperm maturation. In this study thein vitroeffect of a reducing agent such as thioglycolate (Tg) was tested. Thioglycolate was assayed on rat sperm obtained from caput, corpus and cauda epididymides. Changes were verified via light microscopy (and area measurements) and both transmission and scanning electron microscopy using standard techniques. Due to the low molecular weight of Tg, it does not require detergent to enter sperm.The nuclear decondensation elicited by Tg and its effect on sperm surface, differ from caput to cauda, although the final nuclear area is not significantly different. The pattern of sperm nuclear decondensation suggests that it starts at the caudal segment of the head, perhaps due to the abundance of nuclear pores in this region. Under the experimental conditions described below the perforatorium was not affected. Thus, the nature and role in the rat sperm of the perforatorium deserves more detailed analysis.

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This paper describes an attempt to establish a new combined method of leukocyte analysis in human ejaculate by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and consecutive flow cytometry. As a first step, leukocyte separation was performed by Percoll density gradient centrifugation with consecutive enrichment of leukocytes, especially granulocytes, in the 40%/60% and 60%/80% Percoll interfaces. Then these fractions were stained with specific monoclonal antibodies and analysed in a Facscan flow cytometer. Flow cytometric analysis did not demonstrate identifiable leukocyte populations, indicating a questionable cross‐reaction with spermatozoal elements. Therefore, the combined technique of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and flow cytometric analysis were considered unsuitable for clinical leukocyte determinatio

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A rapid molecular screening programme has been established for the long arm of the human Y chromosome in Yq11 in order to quickly detect small interstitial deletions in this chromosome region. They have been observed in idiopathic sterile males with azoospermia and a severe oligozoospermia and are therefore indicative for deletion of AZF gene sequences. AZF (i.e. azoospermia factor) is a genetic factor located in Yq11 which controls human spermatogenesis. The screening programme is based mainly on a multiplex PCR approach using a series of Y‐specific primers amplifying single DNA loci in Yq11. The order of all Y‐DNA loci can be unequivocally arranged along the whole long Y arm. Therefore, any detected deletion can be quickly mapped in relation to the proposed position of AZF. Benefits and pitfalls of this new diagnostic Y screening method will be discus

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY