摘要:

Summary.The effect of substance P (SP) on hamster Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture was investigated. Purified Leydig cells were cultured with or without SP for 24 h. The levels of testosterone and progesterone in the culture media were 174 ± 20 pgml−1and 105 ± 12 pgml−1, respectively. In the presence of SP (10−7moll−1), testosterone concentration significantly decreased to 123 ± 19 pg ml−1, e.g. with 29.3%. By contrast, at the concentration used, SP had no effect on progesterone secretion. The possible molecular mechanism of the SP action on Leydig cell function was discussed. The reported results indicate that SP can modulate Leydig cell steroidogenesi

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The results of cryopreservation of sperm from cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed in an effort to better understand the relationship between semen quality and the presence of different kinds of cancer. The semen analysis results for 146 patients referred to our infertility center for sperm banking over a 2‐year period were examined. These patients were divided into three groups according to their diagnosis: group I, prevasectomy controls; group II, patients with lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease; and group III, patients with testicular cancer, e.g., seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, or teratocarcinoma. The seminal parameters assessed included sperm count and prefreeze and postthaw motility and velocity. For these parameters, significant decrease from control values (P<0.05 toP<0.01) was seen in groups II and III. The specimens from group I patients retained good motility and velocity after thawing. Our results indicate that semen quality is adversely affected by the presence of cancer in the bod

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Protamines are low molecular weight, highly basic nuclear proteins involved in the condensation of sperm chromatin. cDNA clones for human protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) were used for Northern blot experiments with RNA from different human tissues. Protamine transcripts, 0.6 kb and 0.9 kb in lengths for PRM1 and PRM2, respectively, were detected only in testicular RNA. The hybridization signals though did not produce sharp bands but enclosed a minor fraction of significant smaller transcripts. When polysomal RNA fractions were used in the hybridization, these shorter transcripts, 0.45 kb in length for PRM1 and 0.7 kb for PRM2, were specifically enriched. As demonstrated byin situhybridization on human testis sections, the transcripts of both protamine genes are restricted to the central cell layer of the tubuli seminiferi corresponding to the spatial arrangement of postmeiotic cells. This result indicates that the protamine genes in the human are postmeiotically and haploid expressed. When cDNA clones of both protamines of the boar (BPrm‐1 and BPrm‐2) were used for hybridization experiments with the testicular RNA of those mammalian species which lack protamine 2 in their spermatozoa, the presence of transcripts for both protamines was detected. It can be assumed that mammals in general are endowed with at least two protamine genes which are both transcribed but are translationally regulated in a species‐specific m

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Estradiol‐17β (E2) and the two catecholestrogens 2‐OHE2and 4‐OHE2, when daily administered at low doses of 10–40 ng/rat, were cytotoxic to the seminiferous epithelium. The structural changes seen after seven days exposure included abnormal meiotic type II cells with uneven chromosome distribution, the formation of binucleated and multinucleated giant cells, of which many were sloughed into the lumina of the seminiferous tubules. The effect of the 4‐OHE2metabolites were always more pronounced than that of 2‐OHE2or E2. After 21 daily exposures, 4‐OHE2proved to be very toxic, the seminiferous tubules were markedly denuded and numerous giant cells were present in the lumina. The catecholestrogens also caused a significant lowering (P<0.02) of testosterone serum levels after eight days exposure. E2at 40 ng/rat/day had no effect on testosterone production. At these low doses the catecholestrogens did not affect gonadotropin release after eight days exposure. Our results indicate that the morphological lesions could not exclusively be attributed to testosterone withdrawal and that a direct effect on developing spermatids is

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Fluid of rat cauda epididymidis was obtained by flushing the duct with 0.25 mol l−1sucrose in 0.01 mol l−1Tris‐HCl buffer pH 7.4. The fluid was centrifuged at 600 × g for 15 min and the sperm free supernatant was centrifuged at 47 000 × g for 1 h. The sediments observed with the electron microscope consisted of a heterogeneous population of membrane‐bound vesicles similar to those seen in the intact organ. In the sediment containing the vesicles the activity of β‐galactosidase was mostly unavailable for the substrate showing a high degree of latency: the activity became soluble after a treatment with 0.5% saponin. The activity of N‐acetyl‐galactosaminadase instead, was mainly available for the substrate and soluble in buffer containing 0.6 mol l−1KCl. It was then inferred that β‐galactosidase is located inside vesicles with no or little affinity for the membrane, while N‐acetylglucosaminadase is bound to the external surface of vesicles. Supernatants and precipitates from suspensions of vesicles in buffered 0.5% saponin were analysed for proteins by gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of the sediments were very different from those of supernatants and showed a number of bands greater than that of the latter. The vesicles are believed to arise from the epididymal epithelium, but their physio

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An amplification procedure was developed for the visualization of antigens in human testis using monoclonal antibodies against desmin and vimentin. The technique combines the high sensitive and specific APAAP‐ and ABAP‐methods. Depending on the quality of the antibodies used and the processing of the material prior to the immunocytochernical staining the amplification technique may be applied either as a single APAAP and ABAP‐ or as a double APAAP and ABAP‐combination. Especially after the double amplification reaction a distinct increase of the staining intensity of the vimentin‐ (in Sertoli cells, myofibroblasts of the lamina propria, and fibroblasts of the interstitium) and desmin‐ (in myofibroblasts of the lamina propria and smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels) like immunoreactivity was observed. If different diazonium salts were used for the visualization of the alkaline phosphatase activity (e.g. Fast Red TR Salt, Fast Blue BB Salt) desmin‐ and vimentin‐like immunoreactivity can be demonstrated in the same tissue section in a double sequential staining approach. For double staining, the alkaline phosphatase technique may be combined successfully with a technique or a combination that uses peroxid

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The influence of bradykinin, a component of the kallikrein‐kinin system, on the motility of ram spermatozoa was examinedin vitro(photometric motility evaluation, penetration test in cervical mucus of sheep, estimation of the percentage of forward‐moving spermatozoa in the thermal resistance test). Whereas the motility was found to be influenced by bradykinin the acrosomal status remained undisturbed by it. With fresh as well as with frozen semen, the drug mainly increased the motility of samples with a low initial motility. With frozen semen, the penetration test revealed greater motility rises at 22 °C than at 38 °C. The importance of the results in relation to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (kininase) as well as the motility evaluation capabilities of the methods used are discussed. There was, however, no positive drug effect after adding the drug in the course of cryopreservation prior to freezing semen in straws although bradykinin solutions frozen in liquid nitrogen maintained their effect

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This study was set to determine if there is a correlation between the general toxic effect and the gonadotoxic effect of DBCP on male rats. Groups of male rats were injected with a single dose of DBCP (50 mg kg−1) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Twenty four hours, one and four weeks post injection animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected for enzymes' and hormones' assays. Organs were weighed and testes were taken for histological examination and sperm counts. The results showed that DBCP at a dose of 50 mg kg−1had a general toxic effect expressed by reduction in body and liver weights and reduced activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). These changes show a tendency to revert to normal values with time. On the other hand, gonadotoxic effects increase in severity with time. The weight of testes and epididymides were reduced, sperm counts decreased and histological damage advanced, and FSH and LH blood levels increased 4 weeks post injection. It seems that in rats the gonadotoxic effect of DBCP is dissociated from the general toxic effe

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY