摘要:

Summary.Consideration of the most common currently practiced laboratory assays, for human spermatozoal fertility are discussed, with reference to the relevance of such assays to success or failure in humanin vitrofertilization (IVF). Such IVF therapy should be the definitive challenge for human spermatozoal fertilization ability. However, when fertilization fails, is polyspermic, or is suboptimal, then questions concerning the step or steps in the process of fertilization which are dysfunctional remain unanswered. Quite possibly new assays need to be devised to address these problems, while in the meantime our present laboratory assay systems need to be improved to discern those defects in fertilization which operate in many cases of human idiopathic infertility.

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Previous studies demonstrated that experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was produced in C3H/He mice with very high incidence by subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of viable syngeneic testicular germ cells (TC), without resorting to any adjuvants or immunopotentiators. Using this EAO model, a new and simple protocol was developed for adoptive transfer of EAO. Cell donors were C3H/He mice that received s.c. injections twice with TC alone. Spleen cells from the donors were stimulatedin vitrowith TC, propagated in interleukin‐2 containing medium, then injected i.p. to naive recipient mice. This procedure induced severe orchitis and hypospermatogenesis with or without inflammation in epididymis and vas deferens in the recipients at high incidence. Elimination of all T cells or CD4+ T cells before the transfer produced no histopathological signs in the recipients whereas that of the CD8+ T cells or B cells had no inhibitory effect on the disease transfer, indicating that the effector cells are CD4+ T cell

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The seminal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was determined by biolumin‐escence after treatment with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in 81 semen samples 1.5 h after ejaculation obtained from men attending our fertility clinic, and selected to contain either 20% or less spermatozoa with good progressive motility (n= 22), or 60% or more spermatozoa with good progressive motility (n= 59) (Study I), and in 18 semen samples from fertile men 30 min and 3.5 h after ejaculation (Study II). The latter samples were divided into 2 equally large groups according to sperm motility. In Study I the mean sperm ATP concentration was significantly higher in the semen samples with bad motility (0.63 nmol per living spermatozoa × 10−6) than in semen samples with good motility (0.39 nmol per living spermatozoa × 10−6;P<0.01). In Study II the ATP concentration per living spermatozoa was also lower in the group with the best motility in comparison with the spermatozoa with lower motility (P<0.01), both 30 min and 3.5 h after ejaculation. During the 3–5 h incubation the sperm ATP concentration decreased by 21% (P<0.01) in the former group of samples but remained unchanged in the latter group. The results indicate that, in semen samples with highly motile spermatozoa, the consumption of ATP is higher than in semen samples with impaired sperm motility. It is therefore essential that the time between ejaculation and ATP measurement is as short as possible to obtain comparable results. Repeated ATP measurements in combination with an analysis of the number of living spermatozoa, may provide further information on the fertilizing capacity of sp

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The spontaneous acrosomal reaction of mouse spermatozoa during their passage through the male and female genital tract was studied by indirect immunofluorescence staining techniques using antibodies against the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM). Low rates of spontaneously acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa could be observed during the passage through the male reproductive tract, namely 4% in the testis (SD ± 0.8%) and in the caput epididymidis (SD ± 1.5%), and up to 8% in the cauda epididymidis (SD ± 0.5%) and in the ductus deferens (SD ± 0.5%), whereas a higher value of 13% (SD ± 1%) of reacted spermatozoa was obtained from the corpus epididymidis. Spermatozoa removed from the uterus 20 min up to 14 hpost copulation(p.c.) exhibited a constant degree of 8% (SD ± 6%) acrosomal reaction, whereas 43% (SD ± 6%) of the oviductal sperms were acrosome‐reacted, independent of the time of removal p.c. Rates of spontaneously acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa from the male and female reproductive tract could be increased by 2‐fold and up to 7‐fold by anin vitroincubation in modified Tyrode's medium for 210 min. On the basis of our results we postulate a basic level of spontaneously acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa in the oviduct at ovulation time, which might be relevant to ensure the environmental conditions for the fertilization process. Additionally, we offer a possibility of optimizingin vitrofertil

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Human seminal plasma, testis, seminal vesicle, epididymis, and prostate contain a component with an estimated Mr of 20 kD that binds human immunoglobulin‐Fc. The factor did not bind goat‐IgG‐Fc, immunoglobulins of human, rat, mouse, goat, horse, or rabbit sera and did not interact with antibodies raised against Fey receptors. The present findings show that this Fc binding factor in seminal plasma is a secretory product of the testis and accessory sex organs. It binds human Ig‐Fc but does not meet the criteria of an Fc receptor. Additional IgG‐Fc binding proteins with estimated Mr of 90, 88, and 86 kD were detected in the prostate, testis, and seminal vesicle, res

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Different methods and culture media were used on the same semen samples. Ejaculated and treated samples were evaluated by means of multiple exposure photography (MEP) in order to study changes in sperm motility. A statistical analysis of the normal sperm population distribution curve was done with two objectives: (1) evaluating semen improvement after treatment; and (2) finding out whether the post‐treatment sample differed from the original one.When variables were analysed in the individual subject, a significant percentage improvement of mean velocity was observed. Only two methods improved the percentage of motile sperm. The influence of treatment and of culture media on sperm responses was also tested and a significant influence of the media was found (Ham F10 showed the best responses).No significant differences between the ejaculated and treated samples were found when mean velocity, percentage of motile sperm, variance population, and kurtosis were analysed, as grouped treatment variable

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Among 8500 patients attending the fertility clinic due to infertility, 565 men (6.65%) reported an incidence of inguinal hernioplasty with or without subsequent atrophy of the testis. Semen quality (sperm concentrations, motility, and morphology) of these patients was markedly reduced in comparison to that of fertile men. In cases where hernioplasty was followed by atrophy of the testis, damage to sperm characteristics and Sertoli cell function was found to be far greater. This was also reflected in significant serum follicle stimulating hormone elevation (P<0.0025). No changes in luteinizing hormone and testosterone were found. No correlation was found between age of hernioplasty and semen quality following operation. The reasons for testicular damage may be due to ischaemic orchitis or immunological reactions.

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Testicular irradiation (300 r) of sexually mature mice provides a good model to study spermatogonial proliferation. DNA specific activity can be used under these conditions as a suitable assay of the proliferation and differentiation of testicular cells.

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-4569    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY