摘要:

The presence of a temporal order in living systems is manifested in biological rhythms. Attention was focused on the presence of diurnal and circadian rhythms. In view of the easy availability of leucocytes on the one hand and their involvement in numerous pathological conditions on the other, a study on the diurnal activity of six white blood cell (WBC) enzymes was performed in normal individuals. In one group of subjects the activities of four of the enzymes were measured twice a day for three consecutive days and in another group the enzyme activities were determined every 4 hrs for 24 hrs.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359382

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

During 18 years (since January 1955) short and long term fluctuations in the physico‐chemical state of the blood of healthy male blood donors have been studied by the Biometeorological Research Centre in Leiden, since 1966 also in Oslo and since 1968 in 16 other bloodbanks in the N. and S. hemisphere. The total number of data received per year varies between 100,000 and 150,000. Of the 18 different blood parameters studied, particularly blood sedimentation rate (BSR), haemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin and γ‐globulin and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed interesting fluctuations. The most interesting fluctuations are observed in the BSR patterns. They show short (daily or weekly) and long term changes, either monthly (seasonal or pseudo‐seasonal) or very long term yearly changes with periods of probably 3, 6 and 11 years. Short term changes correlate significantly with the degree of atmospheric cooling. The BSR patterns show also geographical differences. From South to North (in the N. hemisphere) the BSR values seem to become smaller. The same occurs with increasing altitude. This lowering of BSR values is due to the reduced fibrinogen content of the blood and may be caused by reduced infrared radiation, changes in UV radiation and decreasing average temperature from the equator to the poles.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359383

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The plasma growth hormone (GH) level in the pigeon was assessed by radioimmunoassay during a 24‐hr period of 12‐hr light (photophase) and 12‐hr dark (scotophase). The peak GH level was found to be at 06.00 hr (toward the end of the scotophase or onset of the photophase). Thereafter it dropped to its lowest at 18.00 hr (end of the photophase), thus revealing the existence of a circadian rhythm. This rhythm in plasma GH concentration has been correlated with a corresponding free fatty acid rhythm in the pigeon.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359384

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A synodic monthly rhythm of spontaneous activity in the Mongolian gerbil,Meriones unguiculatusis reported. Gerbil activity, plotted as deviation from a seasonal daily mean computed for each day of the synodic month for the four seasons separately, generally reaches maxima shortly after new moon and full moon. Minima occur around last quarter and several days before full moon. This pattern persists for the summer, fall and spring cycles, whereas the winter cycle is primarily a mirror image of the former three. Similarity is present in the cycle form and phase relationship (or an inversion of it) among the gerbil, hamster and mealworm. This similarity and also the extraordinary phase‐synchronization of the gerbil cycle from season to season suggests strongly that all organisms were influenced by a subtle factor or factors and that this factor(s) effected the varying degrees of spontaneous activity.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359385

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In 29 Göttingen Miniature Pig sows several behavioral parameters were recorded daily for a total of 261 sexual cycles. The sows were observed both in the absence of a male and when confronted with a mature vasectomized boar. Since most of the females had not reached puberty at the onset of the experiment it was possible to differentiate between first, second, third and later detectable cycles past puberty. Average cycle length for sexually mature young sows was 21 days. The first three cycles after puberty usually were slightly prolonged (1.6, 0.7 and 0.8 days for first, second and third cycles respectively).

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359386

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The possibility of the occurrence of rhythmic variations in the activity of the nervous system has been demonstrated by longitudinal studies on male and female subjects. The studies included measurements on ‘absolute’ pitch and simple reaction times. Both sets of measurements showed an approximately two weekly rhythm in the female subject which was linked to the menstrual cycle. In the male subject, ‘absolute’ pitch measurements indicated a rhythm of approximately 20 days in length. The reaction time measurements also demonstrated this rhythm together with a shorter approximately 5 day cycle superimposed. Further studies in which the stimulus for the reaction time was triggered by different phases of the cardiac cycle demonstrated that these two male cycles could be separated from each other.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359387

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects observed directly after treatment on the coast of the Baltic sea as well as their long‐term success show distinct seasonal variations. Especially for long endogenous eczema but also for functional cardiac and circulatory disturbances we find the best instantaneous results in summer; for diseases of the respiratory tract in spring and autumn. On the other hand favourable long‐term results were observed when treatment was carried out during periods of very high morbidity.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359388

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The original method to perform the P test of Piccardi (1962) was used in a study on correlation between variations in the time of precipitation of bismuth oxichloride and seed germination carried out at daily and three hour intervals from 26 March until 23 April, 1971. The chemical tests were repeated each day at 12.00 hr and at 18.00 hr, while the biological test was starting with seed imbibition at 12.00 hr and giving a short light stimulation at 18.00 hr. In both cases the experiments were repeated contemporaneously in open air and under screen, using a Faraday cage made of copper mesh. Fluctuations in seed germination and in the P test were observed in this study. The analysis of the data by considering absolute and relative values for both the tests at different times, has revealed positive correlation between absolute values, and negative correlation between the differences of these. This fact suggests that fluctuations of the biological test follow a trend which is dependent also on an endogenous mechanism. This determines the threshold within which germination response to external fluctuation phenomena can occur. For the chemical test these thresholds do not exist. On the other hand the common pattern of variation in time observed in both cases can be explained by a common receptor to environmental stimulations. This could be the water which is essential for both chemical and biological processes. The study on the different behaviour of the P test at different temperatures, in which it appears that at 38.5°C the chemical reaction does not respond to environmental changes (condition of equilibrium), demonstrates that variations in water structure is one of the main factors involved in the case of fluctuating phenomena.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359389

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The electrical conductivity of pure water samples has been investigated with numerous experiments conducted in the years 1966 to 1971. Samples which had been submitted to an alternating voltage during 10 to 100 hours by means of a single electrode immersed in the water often showed after this treatment a conductivity which deviated significantly from that of untreated blanks. This conductivity change probably is not due to residual impurities with the exception of dissolved air. The conductivity deviation diminished progressively in number and amplitude and vanished in 1971. This disappearance suggests the influence of factors in the environmental conditions other than those controlled in a standard laboratory.

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359390

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-1945    

DOI:10.1080/09291017309359381

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor