摘要:

AbstractData from three personality inventories—the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) including an Impulsivity scale from the IVE inventory, a short version of two Chapman scales, and the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP)—were studied for a group of 199 male subjects (age range 32–40 years) subdivided ( 1 ) according to the level of Psychopathy Check List (PCL) scores at adult age and (2) according to criminal activity during the age period of 11–14 years. Intelligence scores from the age of 11–14 and ratings of mental health, both from age 11–14 and from adult life, were examined in relation to the PCL and early criminal groupings, respectively. Furthermore, a dimensional description of the PCL was performed on the total sample. Subjects with high PCL scores formed a risk group for developing ‘disinhibitory psychopathology’. They manifested a personality pattern of markedly high impulsivity, monotony avoidance, and psychoticism, and low socialization in combination with high proneness to somatic anxiety. A significant quadratic trend was found for PCL group on the IVE Impulsiveness scale. The early ‘high criminal’ and early ‘low criminal’ groups had significantly lower socialization scores and higher PCL impulsivity item scores than the control group indicating ‘vulnerability’ for developing psychosocial disorders. Furthermore, the early ‘high criminal’ group displayed higher scores on the three PCL factors obtained, denoted ‘Sensation seeking and impulsivity’, ‘Callousness/lack of deep emotions’, and ‘Narcissistic appearance/manipulative’. The results are discussed in terms of usefulness of a classification according to PCL scores, as compared with early criminal activity, when focusing on

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410060402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of competence was studied in a longitudinal sample of 98 children, with measurement points when the children were 7, 10, and 12 years old. Competence was defined in terms of adequate adaptation to developmental tasks, both on a general and on a domain‐specijic level. The general form of competence was measured by ego‐resiliency, reflecting fexibility and ability to solve developmental problems Domain‐specific competencies were measured by school achievement and social preference. The results showed that ego‐resiliency was related to the two domain‐specific competencies, although the hypothesized causal direction from general competence to specific competencies was not supported. Both domain‐specific competencies were found to have a feedback effect on ego‐resiliency. This feedback effect was stronger for social preference. These results suggest a transactional relationship between general and domain‐specific competencies, and point to the importance of domain‐specific competencies (especially social preference by the peer group) in the development of general compet

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410060403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSwedish interpersonal traits were assumed to have the structure demonstrated by Wiggins for the Interpersonal Adjective Scales in English. Positive and negative interpersonal trait terms were rated for accuracy when describing people. The ratings were used to construct 16 eight‐item scales which were ordered relative to two principal components and labelled A to P. The evaluative meaning of each scale item was rated by a second group. The ranks of the mean ratings for the scales followed expectations. The 16 scales were combined into eight scales PA, BC, DE, etc., to NO. From a new group of subjects (N= 159) self‐ratings were obtained. The correlations between the eight scales were used to obtain maximum‐likelihood estimates of population coefficients of a hypothetical circulant matrix. A circumplex model fitted the data well and the two equally large orthogonal components ordered the PA to NO variables within a circular semantic space. The model was interpreted as a structural representation of basic‐level categories for interpersonal attributes of personality in the natural l

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410060404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this article we pursue two goals. The first is a further articulation of the dimensionality of the Dutch trait domain. The second is a detailed mapping of the factorial trait structure, one which includes intelligible and proper niches for various nuances of the trait language and for different interpretations of the main factors of personality language. In realizing these goals, we discuss the reliance on theory in structuring and modelling the domain in question, the type of model to be used, and the comprehensiveness versus the economy of domain representation. The advantages and disadvantages of the simple structure model and the circumplex model are commented upon, and a new framework that integrates these two models is presented. The present results provide confirmation of the existence of five major dimensions that cover the trait domain: (I) Extraversion or Surgency, (II) Agreeableness, (III) Conscientiousness, (IV) Emotional Stability, and (V) Intellect or Openness to Experience. The newly developed representational model, revealing a refined structure of personality characteristics, not only clarifies some of the problems faced in interpreting the Big Five factors, but also forms a starting point for applications.

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410060405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0890-2070    

DOI:10.1002/per.2410060401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY