摘要:

This paper brings together the major arguments of federalism as reflected in the Federalist Papers, public choice as it relates to local government management, and national government programs concerning local management capacity. Comparisons and contrasts are drawn, and a suggestion is made that capacity building has been less successful than its progenitors had hoped, at least in part, because it has denied the desirability of local diversity inherent in federalism and supported by the public choice school.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based upon extensive analysis of the grievance lists, or cahiers, and popular protest literature written by the Parisian Third Estate for the convocation of the Estates General on the eve of the French Revolution of 1789, this study argues that Parisians saw a municipal government much in need of reform and were therefore unwilling to play a passive role. From the outset of this historical episode, the Parisian Third Estate, which first gathered in sixty electoral districts in April, 1789, insisted upon creating and maintaining an urban democracy. The municipal revolution which followed produced the opportunity to create government anew. In the problems seen and arguments raised in this struggle urban scholars can discern the continuities between the municipal revolution of 1789 and the dilemmas of modern urban democracies. Events such as this one should be viewed not as historical anachronisms, but as developmentally linked and still relevant to our own era.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drawn by the attraction of economic betterment and less oppressive social conditions, over six million black Americans left the South between 1870 and 1970 for the major urban centers of the North and West. Over its course, the great migration transformed the black population from a predominantly southern and rural people into a highly urbanized, more nationally distributed, group. In the receiving cities, blacks were confronted with new forms of segregation and virtually excluded from suburbia.A number of important changes in black settlement patterns occurred during the 1970's. First, the century‐long exodus out of the South came to an end as opportunities there improved and conditions in the North deteriorated. Second, the Northeast, which had been a major destination of southern blacks for over 100 years, itself became subjected to strong black outmigration tendencies. The Midwest experienced similar trends, but on a smaller scale, and the proportion of blacks residing in the region remained virtually unchanged over the decade. The West continued to draw blacks, and was the only region to register a proportional gain in their numbers. Third, there was a marked shift of blacks to suburban residency, the extent of which varied between metropolitan areas. The exodus was broad enough to produce a net outmigration of blacks from the nation's central cities, a number of which experienced an absolute loss of black residents. Nevertheless, because of the continuing white exodus, the number of large cities gaining black majorities more than doubled during the decade. While enhancing the exercise of black political power in both central cities and suburbs, the changes did little to alter existing patterns of segregated livin

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rent control has been linked to housing abandonment in both the policy community and in academic research. The roots of this link lie in the political struggle over various forms of rent regulation which took place in New york City in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and has spread across the country to touch virtually every community that considered rent regulation as a mechanism for controlling high rent levels. We have reexamined the evidence which was used to make the original claims regarding the consequences of rent regulation on abandonment, and find that it is seriously lacking in explanatory power. Indeed, the problem of low income populations affecting prevailing rent levels seems much more significant in explaining the gap between rent levels necessary for landlords to combat deterioration and avoid abandonment as an option. We conclude by offering a series of policy‐related discussions to further articulate the issue

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The legalization of casino gambling in 1976 by approval of the voters of New Jersey has attracted nearly $2.0 billion of private investment capital to Atlantic City. The opening of the first casino. Resorts International, was eagerly awaited as a step toward revitalizing the city. Four years and eight casinos later, it is quite apparent that the use of the casino gambling industry toward this end suffers from many of the same inadequacies as past renewal programs.As many studies have concluded, urban policies of the past failed to spread benefits to the urban poor and lower‐income population (e.g., see Friedan and Kaplan, 1975; Weiss, 1980). The history of Atlantic City's decline offers a case study of how federal programs were unsuccessful in both addressing the causes of decline and aiding those most adversely affected by it. The evidence to date suggests that the direction of urban redevelopment in Atlantic City is presently following the pattern established by past programs. The legalization of casino gambling has spread its benefits unevenly, benefitting the already well‐off while excluding the poor and elderly of the c

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY