摘要:

ABSTRACT:City governments provide much of the economic and social capital comprising urban infrastructure. A prevailing idea is that public managers should and can budget rationally and systematically for the provision of infrastructure. This view frequently neglects consideration of the reactive, ad hoc nature of infrastructure investment in cities. Common approaches to the notion of rational capital budgeting are discussed and a reinterpretation of how city governments supply infrastructure is presented.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This study examines the implications of President Reagan's domestic agenda, the New Federalism, for America's cities. The finance officers of all U.S. cities with populations more than 50,000 were surveyed about the fiscal impacts of the Reagan administration. Specific issues considered are: (1) the impacts of New Federalism initiatives on the changing sources of municipal general revenue, (2) the programmatic and service delivery consequences of these changes, and (3) the effect of New Federalism policies on the changing relationships between cities and states. Cities have turned primarily to local revenue sources to compensate for losses of federal aid. For the most part, the newly developed administrative relationships between cities and states are working satisfactorily. Finally, cities generally are considerably less dependent on aid from Washington today than prior to the Reagan years. Cities have paid a high price for their new independence: They have had to significantly reduce service deliveries to urban residents and significantly expand regressive taxing policies. Some of the implications are considered for intergovernmental relations in the coming years.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The departure of the city manager constitutes a major leadership change in city government. Two reasons for managerial turnover have been advanced: political factors which push managers out and personal career factors which pull managers to new positions. Both reasons have been portrayed as the predominant reason for turnover. This study evaluates those explanations with managers' responses to a survey to predict their job mobility. The findings suggest that both explanations hold some truth. Neither dominates, however. Political factors may account for about half of the managerial turnovers and about half the managers appear to have left primarily for professional advancement.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Industrial restructuring has had a substantial impact on gender differences in work outcomes within urban labor markets. Structural shifts weakened existing patterns of production and employment and redefined jobs, work relations, and market dependencies. The evidence reported here indicates that the emerging national norm will form as a composite of diverse regional market experience. This diversity is demonstrated in tracking the evolving structure of labor demand and of the options available to people seeking work in the nation's largest cities. It is here that women have claimed almost two‐thirds of all new jobs created since 1970. In every sector but the services, women recorded superior intergender competitiveness. Growth in female employment, however, has encompassed disproportionate gains in the moderate and high skill market segments and a marked lag in gains at the entry level, particularly in the class of cities characterized by relatively high resident need and declining populatio

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This paper uses recently published aggregate data to examine the relationship among cities, birthrates, and development in the People's Republic of China. Postrevolutionary China has long attempted to limit birthrates, arguing that population control will enhance economic development and physical quality of life. The one child policy and other population control programs have been concentrated mainly in urban areas, which have lower absolute birthrates than nonurban areas. Despite this fact, multivariate statistical analysis shows that urban areas do not have lower birthrates after controlling for secondary education, industrial employment, and several other variables. By contrast, most cities do have higher levels of economic development and physical quality of life, even after controlling for numerous indicators. These findings (1) suggest that innovative public policies have influenced urban China and (2) support several arguments associated with modernization and demographic transition theories.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Census data from 58 large central cities were used to measure 1970–1980 shifts in the racial composition of 2,259 neighborhoods (census tracts) that were nominally integrated (neither all white nor all black) at the start of the decade. The findings show the patterns and dynamics of racial change to be more complex than expected. One‐fourth of all tracts in the sample exhibited relative stability in their black‐nonblack proportions. However, the major population losses experienced by these compositionally stable tracts, and the volatile character of mixed neighborhoods generally, preclude too optimistic a conclusion about the future of integr

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A comparative analysis in urban Phoenix, Arizona, was made between a middle class host neighborhood surrounding a private mental hospital and a similar neighborhood not hosting such a facility. Attitudes toward nine other urban facilities generally located in or near neighborhoods were assessed. The host neighborhood with a mental hospital demonstrated greater tolerance for such a facility, but within the host neighborhood, there was greater rejection of the facility the closer the housing to the facility. The increased resistance appeared to center on practical problems such as traffic congestion and noise levels rather than on stigmatized views of patients. The findings lead to a number of policy implications relating to the successful siting of generally stigmatized urban facilities.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A second wave of books on homelessness in American has emerged since the crisis was first documented in the early 1980s. A dozen of these books are reviewed in this article. One conclusion of the review is that the urban dimensions of homelessness have yet to receive adequate treatment. An agenda for research on urban homelessness is offered, emphasizing the need to study the role of place in the lives of homeless people, the forces creating urban spatial reorganization, differences in social networks across homeless subpopulations, and the changing geographic organization of shelter and services targeted to the homeless.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY