摘要:

ABSTRACT:It is universally acknowledged that Third World countries are experiencing rapid urbanization. Although the causes and effects of urbanization have been discussed in substantial detail, few scholars have examined public policy toward urban expansion in underdeveloped areas. Perhaps most important, Third World cities face a severe shortage of adequate employment and housing. This article discusses the urban policy followed by the Republic of Kenya with respect to these two problems. Overall, the data indicate that urban policies are biased in favor of economic and political elites. Although the Kenyan government has “officially” endorsed the creation of additional employment in both urban and rural areas, its policies have not facilitated these objectives. Similarly, the government has not allocated sufficient resources for urban housing, and resources that are allocated often subsidize a small elite. The findings for Kenya have broad implications for the study of urbanization throughout the Third Wo

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:An examination of the evolving information economy reveals several major shifts in employment and types of work that affect city development and activities. Telecommunications systems are the backbone of these changes. Cities are ill‐equipped to measure and predict these impacts and are even less equipped to control them. The developer community and regional Bell operating companies are at the helm of telecommunications deployment; lacking guidelines or models from federal or state government agencies, cities will be at a disadvantage in dealing with the outcomes associated with increased utilization of new communication technologies. Several recommendations are made that may help the city administrator or planner exert policymaking power over these development

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The conflict that typifies urban politics has been considered a central characteristic of the relationship among city government officials as well. This need not be the case. If a distinction is made between the total political process in cities and the governmental process in cities, conflict does not necessarily dominate the latter. Interactions among officials may be characterized not simply by the absence of conflict but by the presence of positive relations based on cooperation. Although forms of government have been differentiated in their capacity to handle conflict, they also differ in the generation of conflict or cooperation. Cities with separation of powers engender conflict among officials, whereas cities without separation of powers possess the conditions under which cooperation is possible. Differences in the nature of interactions among officials cannot be explained entirely by the characteristics of cities, which tend to use one form of government or the other. Observations from selected pairs of moderately large cities of similar size and demographic features, but with different forms of government, support this contention. The cooperative pattern, common in council‐manager cities, is a second model of the governmental process that may be used along with the conflictual patter

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article explores the effects of citizen participation in policy through a case study of the implementation of a community crime‐prevention program in Chicago. Although the program was successful in soliciting and maintaining citizen involvement, it produced little in the way of hoped‐for crime‐prevention outcomes. However, in at least one case, residents became more involved in the political life of their neighborhood, while their community organization mobilized participants to seek responses for neighborhood problems from local political institutions. This article will examine some of the conditions under which the political benefits of program participation are likely to be enhanced. This study suggests that researchers measuring the effects of citizen participation need to define outcomes broadly, by distinguishing between programmatic and political consequences, and need to use qualitative as well as quantitative measures to detect unanticipated ef

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:What effect do ward versus at‐large cig council elections have on minority representation for small towns in the deep South? The findings support the traditional wisdom: blacks face a more difficult path to office in smaller rural areas than they do in the large urban cities of the Sout

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article argues that the two fundamental methodological approaches employed in the existing literature that assesses the causes of racial segregation are suspect, because each potential cause of segregation is viewed as exogenous. Recent illustrations of these approaches are provided. It is then argued that a superior way to view the causes of segregation is as part of a larger, simultaneous system of interrelationships. Preliminary attempts to estimate the parameters of such a system suggest that discrimination plays a larger role than that estimated by conventional techniques.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Public Housing, Race, and Renewal: Urban Planning in Philadelphia, 1920–1974. by John F. BaumanThe Dynamics of America's Housing, by J. Hughes, and G. Sternlieb.Managing the City: The Aims and Impacts of Urban Policy, by B. Robson (Ed

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1988.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY