摘要:

The debate over which of the three intergovernmental grant mechanisms (categorical, block and general revenue sharing) is best usually involves their differing effect on the vertical relationship between the federal and subnational governments. This article examines grant mechanisms from the horizontal view—how they effect the relationship among subgovernments. The horizontal perspective emphasizes the allocational differences among the three grant types, specifically those grant types which use allotment formulas and those which do not. After examining the reconsideration of the Wastewater Treatment Construction Grants Program's allotment formula, it is argued that grants using formulas to allocate their funds are immune from the defects of grantsmanship but are subject to formulamanship—the creation of formulas utilizing political fair share instead of program need as the major allocational principle. Formulamanship is found to be largely a result of an inability to define criteria of need as opposed to party decomposition or congressional irresponsibil

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Local government interest groups face their most difficult period since their founding in the '20s and '30s, as a result of federal resource reductions to cities and political changes in Washington that threaten their ability to influence national public policy decisions. This article provides a brief history of the rise and development of three major local interest groups (the U.S. Conference of Mayors, the National League of Cities and the National Association of Counties). It then reviews the changing dynamics at the national level since the mid‐1970s which have led these groups to lose access to key decision makers at the national level and face major disruption in their abilities to maintain effective local advocacy in Washington. Finally, the current options facing local interest groups in their efforts to maintain viable organizations in the 1980s are discusse

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper attempts to develop a strategy for measuring effectiveness in the delivery of transportation services within multimodal systems. It is one example of the kind of technique which utilizes a few reliable measures and is therefore more appropriate for the regular evaluation of system effectiveness. The strategy is applied in an analysis of system performance in Atlanta, Georgia for both existing and proposed modes. A principal concern is the determination of the distribution of services among areas whose residents have significantly different socioeconomic characteristics. Results indicate differences in service delivery which are helpful to decision‐makers and/or service provider

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study reports the results of a nationwide evaluation of community development corporations. Collective models of neighborhood economic revitalization are compared with other strategic approaches to community development. Special attention is given to the policy implications of the findings. The future of community development corporations is discussed, especially in light of Reaganomics and the decline in funds for the urban poor.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using panel data collected in 1969 and 1973, comparable path models of welfare dependency are developed and estimated. The models represent specifications of an integrated model of welfare dependency derived from human capital, dual labor market and family coping theories of economic behavior. As compared to 1969, 1973 is a depressed labor market year in terms of unemployment and total female employment. Comparative analysis of the models reveals that the quality of past labor market experience is an important determinant of dependency even in a depressed labor market. It is also found that adult or teenage assistance in low income female‐headed households is of great benefit in adapting to poor labor market conditions. Based on these and other findings, recommendations for income maintenance policy in the 1980s are discussed in the final sectio

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This comparative study of Texas and Pennsylvania municipal officials seeks to determine on what urban issues there is the greatest divergence and convergence. Based on states representative of the Sunbelt and the Frostbelt, the study demonstrates that Pennsylvania officials view urban problems as much more critical than their Texas counterparts, and these different perspectives may well translate into political action at the national level.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, the effects of neighborhood racial composition and wealth are compared to the effects of police expenditures per capita and crime rate upon assessments of neighborhood police services in Boston. The results indicate that: (1) there is little correspondence between the level of police expenditures per capita and the level of citizen satisfaction; (2) higher neighborhood crime rates are associated with negative perceptions of neighborhood police performance; and (3) some aspects of neighborhood context even may be more important than crime rates in determining the level of citizen satisfaction with neighborhood police services.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY