摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article traces the application of the principles of separation of powers and checks and balances to municipal government. While the original thinking behind these Constitutional principles intended to contain individual power and create a mechanism for institutional balance, analysis of urban institutional history indicates that their application to the urban context contributed to accelerated growth of mayoral power at the expense of the local council. The movement toward executive‐centered government culminated during the Progressive Era of municipal reform. The reform model of government that emerged early in this century set the basic structure of the modern municipality and redefined the fundamental issues of democratic governance that were originally articulated in the U.S. Constitutio

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Shortly after Ronald Reagan's election in 1980, Bernard Sanders, a socialist, became mayor of Burlington, Vermont. The Burlington Community Land Trust (BCLT), one of many policy initiatives under the Sanders administration, is a nonprofit corporation which makes housing affordable for low and moderate income people. This article gives a brief history of the evolution of the community land trust model and a detailed analysis of the operation of the BCLT.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Monitoring economic development programs, such as enterprise zone (EZ) programs, assumes special urgency because traditional approaches have been found wanting. In an effort to link implementation and evaluation of EZ programs, this article examines the conceptual properties of monitoring activities at three levels: strategic, operational, and output. The main advantages of monitoring are its process and context orientation that suggest a more broadly based conceptualization of monitoring processes. The paper concludes with an application of the framework to enterprise zone programs and discusses the potential for monitoring in this area.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Recent institutional analysis of gentrification has focused on the dialectical interplay of structure and manager choice. A shortcoming of this work is its treatment of managers as subordinate to structural factors. This study clarifies the role of managers by describing the organizational influence of individual agency. An analysis of gentrification in Indianapolis demonstrates: (1) managers import into and generate from within goals which intersect with organizational directives: (2) institutional contexts are instrumental in facilitating gentrification, and (3) random events propel the localization of such contexts. Human agency forges institutional support which itself structures the unfolding of gentrification.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Twenty‐one years after the Kerner Commission published its report warning of a drift toward two “separate but unequal” societies, racial discrimination and segregation persist in Cleveland and most American cities. Using Cleveland as a case study, the author details the problems of black poverty, welfare, dependency, and family disintegration. Two decades ago one could optimistically believe these problems would disappear with the passage of the civil rights legislation. That has not come to pass. Although many better educated blacks have become respected members of the middle class, the well‐being of other blacks has deteriorated. The author suggests policies for treating the most distressed people and neighb

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Most recent research on the political behavior of Hispanics has focused on the South and Southwest and on Mexican Americans. This study examines voting and contacting among Hispanics who are primarily Puerto Ricans living in the Northeast. The data were collected through interviews with 234 Hispanics in Morris County, New Jersey. The best explanation for voting was the socioeconomic status (SES) model: Higher SES respondents tended to vote in local elections more than lower SES citizens. Contacting is a more complicated form of politcal behavior than voting and requires greater political knowledge and skill and was more difficult to explain because no one model accounted for citizens' contacts. Rather, the most reasonable explanation suggests that contacting results from a combination of personal and environmental factors. Hispanics who are older, who have higher education, and who live in predominantly white neighborhoods appear to possess greater knowledge and skill and thus are more likely to contact municipal officials.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This article examines the linkage between racial composition and likelihood of electing a black mayor in cities of a particular size and location. Special attention is given to cities with a black majority population in 1980 or with a black mayor in 1985. Most black mayors come from cities with black majority populations, but most cities with such a majority do not have black mayors. After controlling for city size and percentage of blacks, it is shown that being located in the South has a continuing negative impact on the likelihood of electing black mayors in black majority cities. The need for the 1982 extention of the Voting Rights Act is discussed.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:New York Unbound, edited by Peter D. SalinsPower, Culture, and Place, Essays on New York City, edited by John Hull Mollenkopf Reviewed by Euginie L. BirchPlanning in the Face of Power by John Forester Reviewed by DeLysa BurnierRethinking Rental Housing by John I. Gilderbloom and Richard P. Applebaum Reviewed by Chris HamnettSuburbia Re‐examined edited bb Barbara M. Kelly Reviewed by Carl AbbottLife Spaces: Gender, Houshold, Employment, edited by Caroline Andrew and Beth Moore Milroy Reviewed by Marie TruelovePoverty, Ethnicity, and the American City, 1840–1925. Changing Conceptions of the Slum and the Ghetto, by David Ward Reviewed by Richard Ha

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1990.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY