摘要:

This article examines the dynamics of two conflicting trends in contemporary urban communities in the United States: flight from the central city, and the politicization of efforts to revitalize and strengthen urban neighborhoods. Data from a 1976 survey of residents of the City of Atlanta, Georgia are used to identify residents' discontent with city government and its performance and to construct indicators of the likelihood that discontented residents will respond to their dissatisfaction by attempting to influence city government (fight), by moving out of the city (flight), or by neither moving nor attempting to bring about change (acquiesce).The conditions under which different responses to discontent are likely to be selected are explored. Findings are discussed in terms of the constraints on, and potential for, public policies which would discourage flight and increase political participation.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Housing segregation has been suggested as an important cause of high unemployment among black Americans, because segregation restricts the black population to living in those central city areas which are losing jobs. Previous studies have not offered a conclusive test of this hypothesis, as they present conflicting findings and have a number of methodological difficulties. Using regression analyses on data from U.S. SMSAs, it is shown that the differential in unemployment rates between blacks and whites in U. S. SMSAs (and particularly SMSAs outside the South) is substantially influenced both by segregation patterns restricting blacks to the central city and by job decentralization. This black/while unemployment differential and the overall unemployment rate in an area determine the level of black unemployment in the area. Thus, central city segregation and job decentralization have important indirect effects on the black unemployment rates of U. S. metropolitan areas.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The absence of a national economic development policy and the need of officials in older cities to rebuild the urban tax base have produced intense competition among municipalities and states to attract corporate investment. Local economic development programs combine state enabling legislation and federal funds to provide financial incentives and facilitate site preparation for new industrial and commercial facilities. The winners in this competition, however, have not been cities and their residents, but large corporations, whose position as major local revenue producers enables them to shape policies, not through behind the scenes manipulation, but through their capacity to withdraw badly needed private capital Although city officials are responsible for formulating development packages, they exercise little policy discretion: the mobility of corporate capital forces them to offer the maximum incentives allowed by state and federal laws.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study begins by exploring the political position of low‐income residents living in the oldest and largest central cities of the North. It then focuses on recent developments affecting political power relationships in these cities. The central argument is that corporate profitability is the ultimate parameter circumscribing a city's policy decisions; and when post‐industrial city governments are driven to the brink of bankruptcy by the demands of conflicting interests, the political power of local corporate elites is likely to become centralized, formalized, and legitimized. For the urban poor, this comes to mean an even further extension of their political subordination.Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore ‐ send these, the homeless, tempest‐tost to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door. (Statue of Liberty insc

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The impact and value of a bureaucracy's workforce that is racially representative of the clients served has been a volatile and debated subject. Looking at one policy output in a large urban school district, the administration of punishment and suspensions, this article examines the impact of racially balanced faculties on the discipline assigned to minority students.The policy importance of school discipline has been underscored by numerous studies and school desegregation programs. School discipline not only influences the political I social attitudes of students, but can influence access to the service of education itself through the selective use of suspensions and expulsions. In addition, despite inconclusive studies and extensive debates, many judicial decisions involving schools frequently identify the need for modified or reformed discipline systems.The evidence from this 50 school study provides inconclusive support for the idea that a representative bureaucracy will improve service equity. However, the presence of increased numbers of black faculty members is shown to influence the discipline given to black students. As a consequence, the conclusions discuss the policy importance of programs designed to make the racial characteristics of school bureaucracies more similar to the racial characteristics of the students in that school.

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

President Ronald Reagan, shortly after taking office in January, 1981, announced a series of budget and tax proposals which were labeled “Reaganomics.” At the center of these proposals was the need to reduce federal spending for domestic programs. The research summarized here explores the anticipated impact these programs would have on cities over 25,000 in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wiscon

ISSN:0735-2166    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1982.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY