摘要:

This article reviews some of the applications of physics to the solution of archaeological problems. The use of magnetic, resistivity and electromagnetic surveying techniques for the location of buried features is described. Various methods of age determination are outlined while the problems associated with radiocarbon dating of organic material and thermoluminescent dating of pottery are discussed in detail. The techniques, including petrological examination, chemical analysis and isotopic analysis, employed in the physical examination of archaeological artefacts are described. Examples of the application of these techniques in establishing the source of the raw materials used in pottery, metal and stone implements and in elucidating the techniques of manufacture of pottery and metal objects are also given.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202192

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This review deals with some aspects of atomic and molecular collision phenomena in gases, interest in which has expanded enormously over the past two decades. It includes a general description of some of the many different collision processes and the experimental methods used to investigate them. The importance of these processes in a number of practical situations is also discussed.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202193

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Van der Waals forces are among the forces that attract atoms and molecules together. Their importance follows from two unique properties. Firstly, they are universal. All atoms and molecules attract one another through this mechanism, so they account for phenomena, such as the cohesion of the inert gases in the solid and liquid states, and physical adsorption of molecules to solid surfaces, where no normal chemical bonds are formed. Secondly, the force is still significant when the molecules are comparatively far apart, and it is additive for large numbers of molecules. Van der Waals forces affect various properties of gases, and also give rise to an attractive force between two solid objects separated by a small gap, which is important in adhesion and in the stability of colloids.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202194

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The interaction of charges by exchange of photons can be clearly and accurately described in the mathematical language of quantum electrodynamics; nevertheless attempts to describe such phenomena in verbal terms can be very confusing. This arises because it is not possible to form a consistent detailed mental picture of the process, as can normally be done in classical physics. Despite these difficulties, an attempt is made to discuss some basic properties of photons from a physical point of view, with special reference to two distinct descriptions of the wave aspects of virtual photons. These are in terms of, firstly, plane waves for which ω2/c2≠k2, and secondly, evanescent waves for which w2/c2= k2, but the component of k along one of the axes is imaginary.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202195

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A discussion is given of some aspects of the relation between concepts of entropy and intuitive qualitative ideas concerning ‘disorder’.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202196

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thermography, the art of visualizing and interpreting thermal patterns, is a versatile new tool for science, medicine and technology. It is developing rapidly and spreading into widely diverse fields. Although its origins are more than 130 years old, the first practical applications (in military reconnaissance) were achieved only 15 years ago. Today, clinical thermography offers new hope in the fight against cancer, and has many other uses; it is a completely passive diagnostic method and absolutely safe. In industry, thermography has potential value whenever there are problems in measuring temperature over extended areas, where point contact methods are insufficient, tedious, or impossible (e.g. in inaccessible places). Thermographic microscopes and telescopes offer great possibilities which are only just beginning to be explored. The design of thermographic equipment presents problems which do not arise in most electro-optical systems, including television, and which more nearly resemble the design problems of radio telescopes. This article reviews the basic principles and the design optimization of thermographic scanners.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202197

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202198

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202199

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202200

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517008202201

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1970

数据来源: Taylor