摘要:

This article discusses the motives that actuate the creative scientist, the dangers that beset him, and then, with numerous examples, discusses the mental processes involved in first-class research.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219097

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The advent of parallel computers will have an important impact on many areas of science. The speeds available are up to ten or even twenty times that of computers currently available to university scientists, however this speed is only achieved if algorithms and programming techniques are tailored to the architecture of the computer. The architectures of two of the most advanced parallel computers, the CRAY-1 and the ICL DAP are described and contrasted. This is followed by the description of three examples where important new scientific or engineering results are being obtained by computer simulation. These are in the study of galactic evolution, the design of sub-micrometre semiconducting devices and the study of the amorphous state. All these applications presently consume many hours of IBM 360/195 time per case and the extra speed of the parallel computer is required if the full benefit of such simulation studies is to be realised. Many other examples of the contributions that such computers can make to British science are given and the case is made for the acquisition of a CRAY-1 computer in the University sector. The case is also made for treating Computational Science as an independent academic discipline in order that future scientists have an adequate background to exploit these new computational resources.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219098

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Antiferromagnetic domains are difficult to reveal directly and consequently are little known. Following a brief introduction to the types of magnetic order and the domain concept, indirect evidence for the existence of domains in antiferromagnets is discussed. Methods for direct observation of antiferromagnetic domains are described, together with their respective advantages. Examples of typical domain structures are included in a review of the relatively few investigations so far conducted. The recent experimental verification of a 25 year old theory of Neel on the absence of spin flop and of domain wall motion in cubic antiferromagnets is described.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219099

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Positional astronomers require a reference frame to which they can refer their observations, and which can be related, at any instant, to an inertial reference frame through dynamical theory. The exect definition of the celestial pole is of considerable practical importance, in order that proper allowance can be made for short period oscillations of observatory coordinates, and to avoid discontinuity in the reference frame as theories of the Earth's rotation are improved.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219100

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Harriet Zuckerman is an associate professor of sociology at Columbia University. Her Ph.D. dissertation on Nobel Laureates† was finished in 1965, and before and after that date she has interviewed most of those who live in the United States. They numbered 77 in 1976, out of 313 awards worldwide since they were started in 1901, and when I first saw the book I guessed that its sales might be limited to these 77, with perhaps half as many again bought overseas. After reading it, however, I hope I was wrong; while many people belonging to a small group may be amused to read about the sociology of that group, the book certainly has a wider interest. I think it is worth reviewing in Contemporary Physics chiefly because of the comments that it contains on the system of rewards in science, and the effects that they have on the scientific community. The author asks “are Nobel prizes good for science?” and the same might be asked about the fellowship of the Royal Society, the U.S. National Academy, knighthoods and all other awards. Are they all good for science!

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219101

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

“At a meeting early in 1976, the International Commission on Physics Education took note of the fact that 14 March 1979 would be the centenary of the birth of Albert Einstein.…This book is the result. We hope that, in the spirit of our intentions, the book will appeal to a wide range of readers. In planning it, however, we had especially in mind both teachers and students of physics at secondary and undergraduate (tertiary) levels. Our main purpose has been to provide something of a picture of Einstein the man, of his scientific work and its subsequent significance, and of his role as a humanitarian and a World statesman.”

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219102

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Volume 24. (London, The K.oyal Society, 1978.) [Pp. 604.1 $24.00.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219103

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Electronic Structure of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys: The Magnetic Heavy Rare Earths. By B. COQBLIN. (Academic Press (London), 1978.) [Pp. xivfG56, 315 illustrations.] f,29.50.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107517908219104

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor