摘要:

Because of their practical interest, wetting phenomena have been the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations in the past. However, no coherent description of this field had been obtained until recently. Some intriguing paradoxes remained unsolved. For example, once spreading is achieved, the rate of spreading of a droplet on a solid surface is usually found to be independent of the nature of the solid surface. New theoretical approaches, emphasizing the role of long-range forces, have led to a general framework in which all the experimental observations on spreading harmoniously find their place. The universal laws, experimentally found at the macroscopic level, result from processes occurring on a microscopic scale, typically between 10 and 1000 Å.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224600

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concept of the superdeformed shape is first introduced classically as the most stable configuration of a rapidly rotating deformable body and is then applied to nuclei. The shape of nuclei are determined by a competition between the collective energy of the core, to which classical considerations apply quite well, and the quantal energies of the valence nucleons, which may be evaluated by the Nilsson model. The result of this competition is that slowly rotating nuclei can be either oblate or prolate but rapidly rotating nuclei can have a superdeformed prolate shape, with a 2:1 ratio of axes particularly favoured.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224601

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Laser spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen has been important in the recent development of Doppler-free laser techniques and offers stringent tests of atomic theory together with precise measurements of fundamental atomic constants. In this review we outline the theory of the structure of atomic hydrogen and describe the techniques of Doppler-free laser spectroscopy. This field has been extremely active in recent years and we bring together the most recent results of measurements of the Rydberg constant and the ground-state Lamb shift.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224602

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many of the practical applications of macromolecules, such as the increase of the viscosity of an oil by polymeric additives or the shear-thinning effect in a paint are related to their very unusual hydrodynamic and rheological behaviour. Polymeric liquids (i.e. macromolecular solutions, or molten polymers in a liquid state without any solvent) do not behave as classical Newtonian liquids which can be characterized by a viscosity independent of the applied velocity gradient, they are non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids: after the application of an external deformation (such as stretching a chewing-gum) a polymeric liquid first behaves as an elastic solid or a rubber, the stress does not vanish and is proportional to the deformation; after a finite relaxation time, the stress relaxes to zero thus showing a liquid behaviour. Moreover, macromolecules, being large objects (the individual size might be as large as 1 μm), their motions are very slow and the relaxation times involved can be as large as seconds. This, in turn, leads to viscosities which can be as high as 105poise for polymer melts in the limit of vanishing shear rates.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224603

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

From a distance this looks like yet another conference or Festschrift proceedings–overpriced and underpublished. Open its pages and you will be pleasantly surprised. In seeking to honour Professor Edwin Salpeter on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday the convenors of the symposium in his honour and the editors of this volume wanted to do something a little different and a little better than tradition alone demands. The authors of the thirteen chapters are active scientists of the highest calibre spanning the whole of astrophysics. They have produced a beautiful series of explanatory articles intended for students and others seeking to read the pulse of present-day astrophysics. Each focuses upon an area of impressive advance wherein the application of physics to astronomical phenomena has led to dramatic new understandings. Yet each of the fields chosen for review is pregnant with unsolved problems and a springboard for the thinking of new graduate students. The authors have managed to achieve, either by telepathy or fortuitous accident, a remarkable uniformity of level in their treatments which give this work the feel of an introductory textbook by a single author rather than a collection of disjoint pieces. The publishers have played their part by attractive typesetting and adequate indexing. This is a ‘real’ book, not a camera-ready proceedings.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224604

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cosmic Magnetism. By Percy Seymour.(Adam Hilger, 1986.) [Pp. x+150.] $14.95. ISBN 0 85274 556 7. Scope: Introductory text. Level: Sixth form/undergraduate/amateur astronomer.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224605

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224606

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107518708224607

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor