摘要:

The article starts by outlining the physical conditions under which nuclear fusion reactions are most likely to be sustained, pointing out the sharp difference between the plasma state of matter necessary for nuclear fusion reactions and the thermodynamically more relaxed conditions sufficient for nuclear fission reactions. The confinement of hot dense plasmas by magnetic fields is the principal scientific problem to be solved, and progress in this work under the main headings of open-ended magnetic confinement systems and closed magnetic confinement systems is described. The article ends by reviewing the technological problems of nuclear fusion reactors, which are the next major obstacle to be overcome once the confinement problem is solved, and the economic possibilities of these reactors as electricity power producers.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204560

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204561

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The two divergent approaches to the structure of liquid metals, which regard them as being either condensed-gas or quasi-crystalline, are inadequate to explain the properties and behaviour of liquid metals. In this article the concept of entropy is used to suggest that some form of near-solid association of large numbers of atoms, not amenable to any rigorous mathematical treatment, is retained in the liquid state. The implications of ‘Bernel's concept of the statistical geometrical structure of liquid metals are discussed. This concept regards a liquid as a network of holes or Voronoi polyhedra and suggests that metallic liquids when heated should exhibit a second-order transformation because their thermal expansion is accompanied by a progressive change in atomic coordination. A second-order transformation is indeed suggested by the experimentally determined values of the specific heat of certain liquid metals. Other evidence in support of this contention is also presented. The work of Kumar and his co-workers on the structure of liquid alloys in terms of the dispersion of clusters in monatomic atoms, which behave like true liquids, is discussed. It is shown that the temperature-dependence of viscosity is in conformity with this picture. It is suggested that the clusters may be analogous with the ‘pseudo-nuclei’ of the Bernal concept.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204562

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Devised primarily as a teaching aid, a two-dimensional kinetic simulator of monatomic liquids is described in which atomic binding is simulated by using oil-covered ball-bearings and thermal energy by vibrating them on rough-moulded glass. The measured velocity distribution and radial distribution curves are reported, and the simulator's use in studying viscosity and diffusion quantitatively and melting qualitatively is outlined.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204563

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204564

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Reactor Physics. By R. Schulten and W. Güth. Translated by W. K. Mansfield. In two volumes. (Harrap, 1967.) [Vol. I: pp. viii + 144; Vol. II: pp. vi+ 154.] 22s. 6d. each volume.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204565

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516908204566

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1969

数据来源: Taylor