摘要:

Experimental particle physics relies heavily on charged particle detectors to observe collisions at high energies. Some of the most important detectors developed in recent years to meet the challenges of increasing particle energies, higher spatial resolution and faster rates of data acquisition are described. Many of them may be applicable in fields outside high energy physics.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219136

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The nature of high-temperature superconductors is discussed. Special attention is paid to the phonon and exciton mechanisms of superconductivity.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219137

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The necessity of separating DNA molecules according to size arises in numerous steps of molecular genetics research. It is usually accomplished by the electrically driven migration of the charged DNA molecules in a gel. The mobility in such conditions displays rather complicated features; it depends on both the field strength and the field history (the basis of the powerful ‘pulsed field electrophoresis’ techniques) and, in some circumstances, may be strongly non-monotonic as a function of size. The microscopic motion of DNA that leads to this behaviour has been investigated by a number of different approaches, including analytic theory, computer simulation, spectroscopic study of molecular orientation and observation of individual, labelled DNA molecules by means of fluorescence videomicroscopy. Several mechanisms of migration have been identified: reptation, in which the linear DNA molecule threads its way head-on through the pores of the gel, is the underlying mode of motion in most situations; more complicated behaviour, such as the formation of multiple loops (or ‘hernias’) and molecular trapping, are also observed in certain circumstances. The present state of understanding of this challenging field is reviewed and the implications of recent discoveries for practical applications are discussed.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219138

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics has several faces: the most popular theory, referred to as thermodynamics of the first type, is the classical theory of irreversible processes developed essentially by Eckart, Meixner, Onsager and Prigogine. Another more general but more formal approach–the so-called thermodynamic theory of the second type–was proposed by Coleman, Noll and Truesdell and was named by its founders ‘rational thermodynamics’. By thermodynamics of the third type is understood the so-called extended irreversible thermodynamics; the latter has fuelled much interest during the last decade. In the present work, the main ideas underlying this formalism are reviewed. Moreover, questions about the foundations, contents and aims of this new theory are raised. Tentative answers are provided.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219139

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A review ofChaos XAOC. By D. K. Campbell (Adam Hilger, 1990.) [Pp. xiii + 496.] £48.75 (hbk), £21.75 (pbk). ISBN 0 88318 7779/7787. Scope: Conference Proceedings. Level: Postgraduate.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219140

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A review ofAnalysis of Geological Structures. By N. J. Price and J. W. Cosgrove. (Cambridge University Press, 1990.) £75.00 (hbk). ISBN 0 521 31958 7.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219141

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Origins of our Universe. By M. S. Longair. 1990, £20.00 $34.50 (hbk), £7.95 $12.95 (pbk), pp. 128. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 42303 1. Scope: Textbook. Level: General Reader.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219142

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107519208219143

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor