摘要:

Nineteenth-century science enabled us to design strong engineering structures such as bridges, boilers and dams. Twentieth-century science is enabling us to design the materials of construction themselves, such as super-alloys, new ceramics and fibre-reinforced composites. Engineering materials are no longer regarded as unfathomable ‘black boxes’ with immutable properties; we can probe into them, both experimentally using such tools as x-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy and also theoretically using such tools as atomic theory and statistical thermodynamics, to find out how their atoms are packed together, how these packings determine the bulk properties of the material and how to produce those packings that give the best properties. A11 this has transformed the subject known as ‘Strength of Materials’, once a branch of classical mechanics concerned with the design of enqineering structures, into a modern applied science in which atomic physics, molecular chemistry and physical metallurgy join forces with engineering and economics for designing strong materials according to clear scientific principles.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205491

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The main property criteria which determine whether a certain material shall be used for a given application are discussed in general terms. The increase in cost of any given material in progressing through the various stages of processing and manufacture is outlined for steel. The general growth trends of production of a range of common metals, cement and plastics in the U.S.A. up to 1960 shows the very high growth rate of aluminium and plastics in recent years compared to other materials. It is shown that by considering the cost per unit of property required that a very useful index is given of the competitiveness of any given material. By way of example, typical costs for one ton of tensile strength given by a range of materials in various forms are tabled.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205492

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To reach temperatures below those attainable with the help of liquefied gases one must make use of the elementary magnets associated with the electrons and the nuclei. After discussing the scope and the limitations of the ordinary magnetic cooling method, the paper describes some of its present and possible future uses in various fields, such aa cryopumping, studies of magnetism, of superconductivity and the properties of liquid helium. The paper ends with a discussion of the nuclear cooling method and the ways in which it could be used to open up the temperature range below 10−3°K for various types of experiments.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205493

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The history of the nuclear reactor's development, and the construction and economic possibilities of nuclear power stations, are outlined briefly. The problem of irradiation damage to the steel cladding of fuel elements is traced from its first observation to its final solution. Explorations of the interactions of neutrons of various energies with nuclei of various kinds are described, and the article concludecl with some examples of the uses of radioisotopes.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205494

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

After a long period of steady but unspectacular development meteorology, stimulated by recent advances in high-speed computers, satellites, rockets, radar and telemetry, has recently made some striking progress. The new developments to be described in this article have brought meteorology to the threshold of a new era, with unprecedented opportunities for increasing our scientific understanding of the atmosphere, and for applying this knowledge to the production of weather forecasts of greater reliability, range and economic value, and to the more efficient use of the world's water and climatic resources. This is reflected in the recent remarkable growth of interest and effort in the United States, where expenditure by the Federal Government on the atmospheric sciences increased by 440 per cent between 1959 and 1965. This now totals more than $450 million (f160 million) per annum, nearly one-half being devoted to research. A similar expansion has occurred in the U.S.S.R. where the State Meteorological and Hydrological Service has a staff of 70 000 and an estimated budget of 700&800 million U.S. dollars.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205495

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A continuously driven electric motor and its massive supporting frame acquire equal and opposite angular momenta. The system, effectively isolated from it's surroundings, allows quantitative work by students.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205496

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The International Conferences on Cosmic Rays have been held biennially since their inauguration at Cracow in 1947. The present volumes†represent the Proceedings of the Ninth Conference which was held for the first time in the United Kingdom in London in September 1965.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205497

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205498

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205499

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Teaching of Physics. By J. W. Warren. (Butterworths, London, 1965.) [Pp. x+130.] 22s. 6d.

ISSN:0010-7514    

DOI:10.1080/00107516708205500

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1967

数据来源: Taylor