摘要:

Résumé.La folle‐avoine (Avena fatuaL.) est en grande expansion dans les cultures d'orge de printemps, en France. Le barbane, le di‐allate, la triazine G 34361, le dichlobénil ont été expérimentés, pour détruire sélectivement cette adventice. Ces essais, réalisés en 1961, avaient pour but de déterminer l'action de ces produits sur la folle‐avoine, et quelques variétés d'orge, et d'en déduire les conditions pratiques d'emploi.La dose de 0,7.5 kg/ha de barbane, permet de détruire 80–95% de la population de folle‐avoine, lorsqu'elle a 2–3 feuilles. Une bonne régularité de la leveé de l'adventice est un facteur essentiel de réussite des traitements. Les variétés: Rika, Piroline, Irma, Ingrid, Alouette, Wisa, Carlsberg II, peuvent être traitées à la dose précédente sans risque de diminuer leur rendement. La variété Aurore est apparue la plus sensible; des essais ultérieurs seront réalisés pour déterminer s'il est possible de la traiter avec le barbane.Le di‐allate, utilisé avant le semis de l'orge, à la dose de 1 kg/ha, permet une bonne destruction de la folle‐avoine, sans nuire à la céréale, sauf dans certaines conditions de sol (terre sableuse). La dose de 2 kg/ha provoque généralement une diminution importante du rendement de l'orge.La triazine G 34361, utilisée en post émergence et le dichlobénil utilisé en préémergence, n'ont pas une sélectivité suffisante pour detruire la folle‐a

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effect of sub‐lethal doses of MCPA‐sodium on the morphology, growth and yield of carrots and parsnips was studied in twenty replicated field experiments. Slight epinasty was produced in carrots by doses as low as 0.002 lb/ac a.e., but formative effects were not usually seen below 0.01 lb/ac. Crop weight was only reduced by doses greater than 0.1 lb/ac, but abnormalities rendered a proportion of the roots unmarketable at doses below 0.05 lb/ac. Small plants were sometimes killed by 0.3 lb/ac, but larger plants survived treatment with up to 0.5 lb/ac. Tests on carrots which were unmarketable on grounds of appearance failed to reveal any effect of MCPA on flavour, sweetness or texture of the roots. The effects of MCPA on parsnips were similar to those on carrots, but the expression of injury symptoms was generally less marked.Les effets de doses sub‐létales de MCPA sur la morphologie et le rendement des cultures légumières III. Carottes

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Following the discovery by J. G. Elliott and T. I. Cox in 1961 of the specific selective properties of certain methylmercapto triazines for the control ofChenopodium albumin kale (Brassica oleraceavar.acephala), extensive investigations of this subject were carried out by the authors in 1962. The work resulted in a practical recommendation to British farmers in 1963.2‐Methylmercapto‐4‐methylamino‐6‐isopropylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (G 34360) showed significantly higher selectivity than simetryne. The dose giving an optimum degree of selective control varied according to humidity and moisture. A dose of 4 oz/ac was sufficient for kale grown under moist conditions, while 6 oz/ac was required under condition of low rainfall and atmospheric humidity.The development stage of the kale was critical and the herbicide was sufficiently safe only when applied after the kale had three leaves. No differences in response were observed between marrow‐stem and thousand‐head kale. Volume rates from 10 to 80 gal/ac were compared, but no clear differences were found.Destruction sélective deChenopodium albumL. dans le chou fourrager avec les mét

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Two experiments on chemical weed control in marrowstem kale are reported. In the first of these three herbicides applied before sowing were compared; in the second experiment four herbicides were studied, one applied before sowing and the others applied after emergence. Of all the herbicides examined, EPTC, applied before sowing and incorporated into the seedbed, was the most satisfactory in terms of both weed control and yield of kale. Neither endothal + propham nor dinoseb + TCA proved satisfactory as pre‐sowing treatments. The three herbicides applied post‐emergence (all methylmercapto triazines) were ineffective for the control ofPolygonumspp. andPoa annua, although fairly effective againstStellaria mediaandChenopodium album. They caused considerable damage to the crop and reduced yields by at least 25%.Le désherbage du chou moellier par l'EPTC et quelques autres herbi

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The adsorption ofN'‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)‐phcnyl‐NN‐dimethylurea (C‐1983) andN‐butyl‐N‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐N‐methylurea (ref. comp.) by different soils was investigated with a slurry‐type procedure. Freundlich isothermal equilibrium plots demonstrate that both herbicides, but especially C‐1983, were quite strongly adsorbed, on soil particles. The following concentrations of C‐1983 adsorbed were found to be in equilibrium with 1 ppm soil solutions: 14 γ/g (sandy loam), 40 γ/g (clay loam) and 110 γ/g (humus soil) The corresponding values for the ref. comp. were 6.3, 21 and 60 γ/g. Adsorption of C‐1983 was strong on bentonite (400 γ/g) and less pronounced on cellulose (48 γ/g). Soil pH had no significant effect on adsorption. Desorption equilibrium plots indicate that about 50% of C‐1983 adsorbed was released into solution according to adsorption equilibrium conditions. The remaining 50% came off at a much lower rate.Leaching of C‐1983 and the ref. comp. was studied with soil columns to which 200 mm of simulated rain was applied during a period of 45 hours. At a low soil moisture level (wilting capacity), the bulk of C‐1983 was not removed from the top 1 cm section of all three soils. Leaching was somewhat more pronounced in sandy loam (80% recovery in top 1 cm layer) than in clay loam (90%) or in humus soil (95%). Only traces of C‐1983 were recovered from depths below 10 cm and in water percolating from the columns. The ref. comp. leached more easily than C‐1983, especially in sandy loam (bulk of herbicide below 5 cm level). Leaching of both herbicides, but especially of the ref. comp., was less pronounced at the higher soil moisture level (field capacity wet) than at the lower one (wilting capacity).It is suggested that leaching is not a major factor in removing C‐1983 from the surface soil layers. On the other hand, its very strong adsorption seems to be a decisive factor in controlling its availability insoil solution and thus determining both the initial toxicity and and the residual activity in some types of soils. The practical implications for field use are discussed.Le comportement de la N'‐(4‐chllorophénoxy)‐phényl‐NN‐diméthylurée (C‐1983)dans les terres et dans

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1963.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY