摘要:

Summary.Excised leaves as well as intact plants of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.) metabolized 3‐amino‐l,2,4‐triazole (aminotriazole) to three major products, Unknowns II, 1a and 1b. Unknown II was identical to β‐(3‐amino‐l,2,4‐triazolyl‐l‐)α‐alanine. Unknowns 1a and 1b, previously described as one product, were separated by electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography. Unknown 1a appeared to be a metabolic product of Unknown II while Unknown 1B was derived from Unknown 1a. An enzyme preparation from pea (Pisum sativumL.cv. Thompson Laxton) seedlings capable of synthesizing tryptophan from indole and serine was also able to metabolize aminotriazole. Tryptophan synthesis with the enzyme preparation was inhibited by aminotriazole and evidence suggests that aminotriazole metabolism may follow a similar pathway to tryptophan synthesis.Métabolisme de l'aminotriazole chezCirsium arvense (L.)S

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Several new herbicides were tested for control of weeds in broadcast‐seeded flooded tropical rice. Among the new herbicides, S‐(2‐methyl‐l‐piperidylcarbonyl‐methyl)‐O,O‐di‐n‐propyl dithiophosphate (C‐19490), S‐(2‐methyl‐l‐piperidylcarbonyl‐methyl)‐O,O‐di‐n‐propyl dithiophosphate combined with 2‐(1′,2′‐dimethylpropylamino)‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐methylmercapto‐s‐triazine [C‐19490/C‐18898 (C‐288)], andN‐secondary‐butyl‐4‐tertiary‐butyl‐2,6‐dinitroaniline (A‐820) were highly selective in controllingEchinochloa crus‐galli(barnyard grass) and other annual weeds under tropical conditions. S‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐N,N‐diethylthiol carbamate (benthiocarb) andN‐(butoxymethyl)‐2‐chloro‐2′,6′‐diethylacetanilide (butachlor) continued to look promising in our experiments. Only b

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effect of the method of incorporation of prometon into the soil on its phytotoxicity to white mustard was studied in pot experiments. Two groups of method were compared. In the first, the total quantity of soil to be used was mixed with the volume of appropriate prometon solution necessary to produce the required final herbicide and water concentrations. In the second group, the herbicide was initially mixed with a sub‐sample of soil which was then diluted with untreated soil to give the required final concentration.Phytotoxicity was greatest when procedures of the second type were followed. There was no difference between the behaviour of wettable powder and unformulated applications.Influence de la méthode d'application de la prométone dans le sol sur sa toxicité pour la moutarde blanche(Sinapis alb

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Pigweed (Amaranthussp.) control was not satisfactory where furrow irrigation was substituted for mechanical incorporation of nitralin or trifluralin on loam. Trifluralin concentrations in soil were twice as high after mechanical incorporation compared to furrow irrigation alone. In some instances, nitralin gave excellent pigweed control when rainfall occurred within 1 day after application. However, weed control was not consistent over a 3‐year period. When herbicides were applied through a sprinkler irrigation system, chemicals were retained in the upper 5 cm of loamy sand and did not leach. However, herbicide distribution was not uniform due to irregular water movement by wind during application. Trifluralin did not control pigweed when applied and incorporated by sprinkler irrigation. Under the same conditions, nitralin gave good to excellent control.Incorporation de la nitraline et de la trifluraline par la pluie et par I'irrigati

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Immediate and residual phytotoxicity of binary combinations of several residual soil‐applied herbicides at 0·1 and 0·5 ppm was compared to the expected response calculated by Colby's formula. In one experiment diuron was combined with diphenamid, fluometuron, noruron, prometryne or simazine, and in another experiment trifluralin was combined with diuron or dichlobenil. The observed phytotoxicity of most combinations was only slightly different from the expected response. One combination, diuron 0·5 ppm + fluometuron 0·5 ppm, affected mustard significantly more than expected and this synergistic interaction remained appreciable after incubation of 2 months.Interactions entre les herbicides persistants a faible concent

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Electron‐capture gas chromatography was used to detect dicamba residues in three prairie soils, and the breakdown under different moisture conditions was studied. At rates equivalent to 1·1 kg/ha degradation was rapid in all soils at 25°C and at moisture levels in excess of the wilting point, with over 50% of the applied dicamba being dissipated in 2 weeks. Negligible breakdown occurred in the sterile soils, over a 4–week period, indicating that microbial decomposition could be an important factor contributing to dicamba degradation.The persistence of dicamba was investigated under field conditions at three locations using small plots. Applications equivalent to 1·1 kg/ha were made in October 1971 for analysis in May 1972, and in May 1972 for analysis in August 1972. At both sampling dates no dicamha residues were detected in any of the treatments at the 0–5, 5–10 or 10–15 cm soil levels.Degradation du dicamba dans les sot

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A comparison was made between diphenamid and napropamide with regard to phytotoxicity to pepper and weeds under glasshouse and field conditions. Diphenamid was considerably less phytotoxic than napropamide in inhibiting root elongation and shoot growth of pepper seedlings. Plant growth was reduced when the roots were exposed to either one of the herbicides, but growth of the shoot through treated soil was not adversely affected. Since diphenamid was found to be more leachable into soil, it might become more available to the roots and damage the crop plants. Graminaceous weeds were very sensitive to both herbicides, whereas several dicotyledonous weeds were more susceptible to napropamide. Selectivity of both herbicides at a late pre‐emergence application to direct‐seeded pepper was found satisfactory in two field experiments on different soil types.Action sélective de la diphénamide et de la napropamide sur le piment et les mauvaises

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In field experiments extending over the period 1964–68 wettable powder and water soluble formulations of asulam and M&B 8882 were applied to a range of grass species in summer and autumn.Phleum pratenseL.,Dactylis glomerataL.,Holcus lanatusL.,Agrostis tenuisSibth. and Poa trivialis L. were more susceptible than Lolium perenne L.,Festuca pratensisHuds. andFestuca rubraL., although effects were more persistent onH. lanatusthan on the other species.Trifolium repensL. (white clover) was more resistant to M&B 8882 than to asulam, particularly in July. The pattern of selectivity was similar with summer and autumn treatment, but effects were slower to develop in the autumn.Sélectivité des herbicides a base de carbamate de benzène sulfonyle entre différentes espèces de graminées et l

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The experimental herbicide 4‐chloro‐5‐(methylamino)‐2‐(α,α,α‐trifluoro‐m‐tolyl)‐3(2H)‐pyridazmone (SAN‐9789) was applied to cranberry vines (Vaccinium macrocarponAit. cv. Early Black) in April at rates of 0, 9, 13·5, 18, and 27 kg a.i./ha. No phytotoxicity on vine growth or appearance was detected in plots receiving 9 kg/ha but at 13·5 kg/ha a temporary chlorosis at the base of the cranberry leaf blade was observed. More extensive and permanent chlorosis was caused by the larger application rates of 18 and 27 kg/ha. No significant differences were detected between control and treated berries with respect to colour, percentage dry weight, and size. However, application rates of 27 kg/ha significantly reduced pectin content of fresh cranberries. Berries from vines treated in April with SAN‐9789 did not contain detectable amounts of the herbicide at harvest time in September.Résistance de la canneberge à gros fruits (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) à im herb

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The efficacy ofNN‐diallyl‐αα‐dichloroacetamide (R‐25788) as an antidote for reducing the injury of various herbicides in corn (Zea maysL.) was tested under controlled conditions in growth rooms. The application of R‐25788 to the soil as a pre‐plant incorporated treatment to corn significantly reduced the toxicity often out of twenty‐two herbicides tested. These ten herbicides were, in order of decreasing effectiveness of the antidote, EPTC, barban, sulfallate, vernolate, molinate, butylate, alachlor, pebulate, linuron and di‐allate. In quartz sand nutrient culture, R‐25788 was more effective as an antidote for barban applied to the foliage of corn than it was for barban applied to the roots.LeNN‐diallyl‐αα‐dichloroacétamide comme antidote de I'EPTC et au

ISSN:0043-1737    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY