摘要:

This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study was designed to differentiate the pharmacodynamic effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan from the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril. Effects of placebo, enalapril (10 mg), and losartan (20 and 100 mg) on local venous and systemic pressor responses to angiotensin I and II were compared in eight healthy male subjects. Treatments were administered orally approximately 4 hours before agonist infusions into a dorsal hand vein. Local changes in hand vein diameter and systemic blood pressure were monitored during the infusions. The 100 mg dose of losartan attenuated local venoconstrictor and systemic pressor responses to angiotensin I and II. In contrast, enalapril blocked only responses to angiotensin I. Both losartan and enalapril increased plasma renin concentration compared with placebo. These results are consistent with direct antagonism of angiotensin II receptors by losartan and with indirect effects of enalapril through inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.Clinical Pharmacology&Therapeutics(1996)59, 72–82

ISSN:0009-9236    

DOI:10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90026-0

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of sleep‐related complaints among institutionalized elderly subjects and to assess the relationship between perceived sleep quality and the use of sedative‐hypnotic agents and other psychoactive medications.MethodsIn 12 nursing homes in Massachusetts, we conducted observational, cross‐sectional, and longitudinal studies of 145 institutionalized elderly subjects (average age, 83.0 years; age range, 65 to 105 years). We recorded the patients' demographic characteristics and all medication use (both scheduled and as needed) during a 1‐month baseline period. A research assistant who was blinded to diagnoses and medication use performed detailed neuropsychologic testing and administered a series of standardized questions concerning difficulty sleeping, early morning awakening, and time spent awake in bed. Medication use and patient assessments were repeated after a 6‐month interval.ResultsOne or more sleep‐related complaints were present at baseline in 94 (65%) of the residents studied. Using logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding, we found no relationship in the baseline month between use of sedative‐hypnotic agents and the presence or absence of sleep complaints. After 6 months of follow‐up, 27 (19%) of the residents had decreased their use of sedative‐hypnotic agents and 23 (16%) had increased their use. However, there was no relationship between decreased use of sedative‐hypnotic agents and worsened sleep (p>0.20) or between their increased use and improved sleep reports (p>0.10). Improvement in functional status was significantly associated with improved sleep at follow‐up (p<0.005).ConclusionsSleep complaints occur in the majority of institutionalized elderly persons. Neither cross‐sectional nor longitudinal analyses showed a relationship between patterns of sedative‐hypnotic use and the presence, absence, or change in sleep complaints.Clinical Pharmacology&Therape

ISSN:0009-9236    

DOI:10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90027-2

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical Pharmacology&Therapeutics(1996)59, 93–95; do

ISSN:0009-9236    

DOI:10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90028-4

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical Pharmacology&Therapeutics(1996)59, 96–96; do

ISSN:0009-9236    

DOI:10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90029-6

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical Pharmacology&Therapeutics(1996)59, 97–128; do

ISSN:0009-9236    

DOI:10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90030-2

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY