ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472536

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA cognitive-social learning model of relapse prevention, specifically Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks that has been applied to the problem of relapse in the substance abuse field. Theory and related empirical findings within this approach are reviewed, including the following: the assessment of a client's high-risk situations for relapse; the development of an individualized treatment plan; the distinction between treatment strategies aimed at“initiation”versus“maintenance”of behavior change; the importance of growth in client self-efficacy; the difference between the process of lapse versus relapse; the use of drugs in relapse prevention counseling; and the role of client-treatment matching. On the basis of the empirical evidence reviewed, it is concluded that a cognitive-social learning approach to relapse prevention is showing promise. Future directions for research are suggested.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472537

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNine basic principles that underlie the Cenaps relapse prevention planning process are described. Each principle is complemented with a procedure or clinical technique that can be used to operationalize that principle with patients: the first principle of self-regulation is operationalized with a procedure for physical, psychological, and social stabilization; the second principle of integration is operationalized by the technique of self-assessment; the third principle of understanding is operationalized by a relapse education procedure; the fourth principle of self-knowledge is operationalized with a procedure of relapse warning-sign identification; the fifth principle of coping skills is operationalized through a procedure of warning-sign management; the sixth principle of change is operationalized in a procedure for reviewing the recovery plan; the seventh principle of awareness is operationalized by a procedure of inventory training; the eighth principle of support is operationalized by the involvement of significant others; and the ninth principle is maintenance, which is operationalized by a comprehensive follow-up plan.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472538

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA discussion is provided of clinical techniques for establishing abstinence and preventing relapse in cocaine addicts within the context of an intensive outpatient treatment program. A basic tenet of this article is that to produce higher success rates in these and other drug-dependent patients more attention must be paid to some very fundamental treatment issues, such as program structure, counselor attitude, and patient motivation.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472539

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractIn order to adequately address the treatment needs of crack cocaine dependent persons, a multidimensional approach to relapse prevention must be utilized. The value of a biopsychosocial model of crack addiction and the concept of phases of recovery in providing a rationale for the recommended approach to relapse prevention are emphasized. Research findings on the determinants of relapse for crack dependent patients and the psychosocial characteristics of the crack dependent individual justify the utility of certain relapse prevention strategies. Specifically, an approach to relapse is advocated that includes the provision of pharmacological adjuncts, psychoeducation on the multideterminants of relapse, and psychotherapy that attempts to remediate underlying psychological problems that are typically found in crack dependent patients.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472540

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractRelapse prevention techniques have recently been incorporated into some nonpharmacologic models of chemical dependency treatment. The neurobehavioral model of cocaine dependency treatment establishes a clear timetable for recovery from cocaine dependency and focuses on four distincrt areas of functioning. Strategies for addressing these areas of functioning include the use of relapse prevention methods and individual therapy procedures. family systems materials, 12-Step involvement, and urine testing. The model constructs a comprehensive framework for facilitating involvement in recovery activities that promote positive behavior change. The relapse prevention group component of the model is described, the use of a systematic relapse analysis procedure is presented, and an outline of plans for evaluating the model is discussed. The development of a comprehensive outpatient treatment model for treating cocaine dependency provides a standardized structure within which other treatment interventions (e.g., medication, acupuncture) could be evaluated.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472541

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe central nervous system rewarding properties of ethanol, cocaine, and heroin may activate a common catecholaminergic reward system in the mesolimbic circuitry of the brain. Driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders with either alcohol- or cocaine-related problems were studied. The neuronutrients SAAVE™and Tropamine™significantly reduced relapse rates and enhanced recovery in these DUI outpatient offenders over a l0-week period. Follow-up on both the SAAVE and Tropamine groups after 10 months revealed a 73% and a 53% overall recovery rate, respectively. These clinical results favor the use of these neuronutrients as adjuncts to psychological therapeutic modalities.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472542

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA brief description of the controversy surrounding moderation goals for individuals with alcohol problems is provided. Although the controversy is as yet unresolved, particularly for severely dependent individuals, evidence for the utility and appropriateness of offering goal choices (including moderation goals) to less dependent problem drinkers is discussed. In addition, secondary prevention of alcohol problems with high-risk drinkers often utilizes moderation goals; these individuals are unlikely to fit the traditional alcholic pattern, but are at risk for a variety of intoxication-related problems. Relapse prevention, an example of a tertiary prevention program to facilitate abstinence in the treatment of addiction, may also be applied to secondary prevention (moderation) goals. Following a description of the relapse prevention approach and its use with moderation goals, two studies applying this approach to secondary prevention are discussed, and summaries of the results are presented.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472543

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe efficacy of a group relapse prevention program, Recovery Training and Self-help (RTSH), was investigated experimentally with opioid addicts in New England and Hong Kong. The experimental program featured weekly attendance at a professionally led recovery-training session, a peer-led self-help style meeting and a weekend recreational activity. Researchers randomly assigned newly recovering opioid addicts (N=168) to experimental and control conditions, and followed them to assess their outcomes; 98% provided follow-up data. The intervention significantly reduced the probability and extent of relapse and helped unemployed subjects find work. RTSH also significantly reduced self-reported criminality. These findings suggest that relapse prevention programs can be effective in helping opioid addicts achieve long-term recovery.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472544

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAlthough smoking-cessation rates have continued to increase, the vast majority of smokers who quit eventually relapse. Between 1974 and 1985, over 1.3 million smokers quit during each of those years. However, 75% to 80% of those individuals resumed smoking within six months. This article describes the dynamic phenomenon of smoking relapse within the context of cyclical episodes of smoking and quitting during an individual's lifetime. Theories of the determinants of smoking relapse are reviewed and methods designed to prevent relapse are described. Smoking relapse is discussed in terms of three aspects of tobacco addiction: (1) biological-addiction mechanisms, (2) conditioning processes, and (3) cognitive-social learning factors. The major determinants of smoking relapse are reviewed, including nicotine withdrawal, stress, weight gain, social influences, conditioning factors, causal attributions, and environmental variables. A transtheoretical-developmental model is explored in the longitudinal investigation of the natural history of slips (lapses) and relapse episodes. Relapse prevention interventions are described that emphasize self-awareness, self-regulation, self-efficacy, affect regulation, social support, and lifestyle balance. Recent developments in pharmacological adjuncts to treatment are also examined. It is concluded that innovative relapse prevention methods need to be designed for hard-core smokers with histories of cessation failures, substance abuse and/or psychiatric impairment. These and other recommendations for future research on smoking relapse and relapse prevention are discussed.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1990.10472545

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor