摘要:

AbstractBlacks in the general population experience alcohol-related health problems to a greater extent than Whites, even though surveys of drinking behavior find that Blacks generally drink no more than Whites and, in fact, at younger ages Blacks actually drink less than Whites. In this study, Blacks and Whites entering randomly selected state-supported substance abuse treatment programs within a given period of time were interviewed and administered a battery of assessment instruments; results are derived from the Addiction Severity Index. A major research question was whether the higher rates of alcohol-related problems for Blacks in the general population were matched by greater severity of life-problems for Blacks in a clinical treatment population. Blacks had more severe problems than Whites in two problem areas: employment support and other drug use. Results point to socioeconomic factors as well as combined alcohol and other drug use as potential contributors to the greater alcohol-related health problems for Blacks in the general population. Comprehensive study of alcohol and other drug use norms and customs within the Black community is recommended to aid in the development of prevention and treatment strategies for alcohol-related problems among Blacks.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471584

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis article reports on the comparison of self-reported cocaine use with urinalysis outcomes and radioimmunoassay of hair samples for cocaine. The data is based on a voluntary sample of approximately 300 arrestees, tested and interviewed anonymously. The study reports high rates of request compliance for both urine and hair samples, and affirms a relatively high degree of underreporting of cocaine use. Radioimmunoassay of hair appears to detect considerably larger degrees of cocaine use than are detected by urinalysis. The differential rates of detection between hair and urine are less dramatic in subjects who appear to be high rate users.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471585

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractMethadone maintenance is again receiving attention as an intervention for needle use/sharing among intravenous drug users. A major criticism is that methadone has itsownaddictive properties; consequently, the client is unable to detoxify and stay off opioids permanently. Study respondents had been off methadone for several years and offered their strategies for success. Motivating forces included the freedom and rewards, such as pride and respect. The following helped individuals to get off and stay off methadone: avoidance of opioids; treatment affiliation to supply ideology and to structure and fill free time; employment; social supports, specifically family and role models; modest plans to avoid disappointment; effective coping skills to avoid depression; and aging and burning out, In addition, those individuals who had immersed themselves in the conventional world, especially those having a higher social class status, had a less difficult time staying off methadone.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471586

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe use of MDMA as an adjunct to spiritual pursuit among New Ager seekers is examined. These study respondents indicated that social worlds greatly influenced which qualities of the MDMA experience were most pursued and valued. In contrast to recreationally oriented respondents, who saw minimal long-term benefits accruing from MDMA use, New Agers typically believed that carefully planned experiences possessed significant potential for lasting spiritual and/or therapeutic value. While many New Agers eschew the use of alcohol and other drugs, these respondents were generally impressed with MDMA. Nevertheless, they differed in their motivations for use and their perceptions of its influence in their lives: some employed MDMA as a sacramental adjunct for following specific spiritual paths; others viewed it as aiding their spiritual growth in more general ways. Because the approaches to and motivations for using MDMA differ so markedly for New Agers and recreationally oriented users, the importance of social worlds and context in studying drug-using behavior is underscored.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471587

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDuring the past 200 years, Soviet scientists have extensively investigated and evaluated the effects of psychoactive drugs in humans. An examination of the resultant literature provides insight into the four distinct periods that comprise this era of research.

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471588

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471589

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471590

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471591

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471592

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0279-1072    

DOI:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471593

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor