ISSN:0270-3211    

DOI:10.1002/tcm.1770050402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe degree of conversion of cyclophosphamide (CP) into mutagenic intermediates was studied using mouse erythrocytes as the metabolic activation system. The amount of mutagenic intermediates produced was measured indirectly in terms of induced frequencies of mitotic recombination, mitotic gene conversion, and reverse mutation in the diploid D7strain ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae.In the absence of S9 microsomal fraction or erythrocytes, CP did not induce any genetic response. In the presence of erythrocytes, on the other hand, CP clearly induced increases in the three genetic endpoints. The responses, however, were lower than those observed with the S9 activation system. The activating principle seems to be the oxyhemoglobin. In fact, neither p‐nitroanisole O‐demethylase activity nor genotoxic responses performed with red‐blood cells from uninduced and PB‐induced mice indicate that (possible) water‐soluble forms of cytochrome P‐450 were responsible for the activation of CP by e

ISSN:0270-3211    

DOI:10.1002/tcm.1770050403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0270-3211    

DOI:10.1002/tcm.1770050404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpidemiologic literature regarding the possible association between malformations and 23 exposures or occupations other than pharmaceutical products, was analysed. The qualitative level of scientific evidence was classified into four categories: high (ethanol, methylmercury, PCBs, laboratory work), limited (anesthetic gases, carbon monoxide), low (hexachlorophene, LSD, nitrous oxide, smelter work, tobacco), and inadequate (all other exposures). Human data for exposures belonging to categories “high” and “limited” were quantitatively compared to results of animal teratogenicity tests of the relevant chemicals. Ethanol, methyl‐mercury, and PCBs have caused malformations in experimental animals, and the effective doses have ranged from 0.2 to 8.0 times the effective human doses. Ethanol and PCBs caused similar types of lesions in some animal species as have been observed

ISSN:0270-3211    

DOI:10.1002/tcm.1770050405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0270-3211    

DOI:10.1002/tcm.1770050401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY