摘要:

AbstractCan leaders in small towns and surrounding areas actually influence local economic and demographic growth? Competing views but few studies of this issue characterize recent debates about the effects of “growth machines” in local areas. This paper uses alternative indicators of growth during the 1980s for a sample of local areas in rural Pennsylvania to examine the effects of development efforts, controlling ecological and structural characteristics. The analysis considers local participation in state programs and maintenance of a favorable business climate as well as measures of local growth promotion for business and industry, recreation and tourism, development of forest products, and services development. Hierarchical regressions, taking account of the statistically dominant effects of ecological and structural variables, show that local efforts can influence local gro

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatterns of 1980–1990 migration differ markedly from those of the 1970s but they have received little conceptual or empirical analysis because of limited data and because their diversity has resisted theoretical generalization. An expanded human ecological perspective incorporating international dimensions is hypothesized to explain differentials in migration during the 1980s. Counties with key functions which operate in international ecosystems in which the United States is dominant are hypothesized to control more resources and to have the highest net inmigration. Hypotheses are tested using regression analyses of 1980–1990 net migration for Texas' 254 counties. The results generally confirm that key functional activities were related to migration but less so in nonmetropolitan areas. Implications for rural development and for further research are discus

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe spatial rearrangement of women agricultural workers' employment across 380 labor market areas is examined during the period of agricultural transformation in the 1970s. Labor market maps of women's employment changes show regional declines and increases in accord with the dynamics of agricultural industrialization. Case studies selected from the maps demonstrate the gender‐specific and locality‐specific ramifications of these transformati

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of population trends in 293 nonmetropolitan Great Plains counties from 1950 to 1990 reveals that the population turnaround of the 1970s has indeed ended. During the 1980s, 84 percent of these nonmetropolitan counties had total population declines, a proportion greater than any other decade studied. A majority of counties had natural population increase, but such increases were offset by net outmigration as 96 percent of the counties had such losses during the 1980s. The influence of the independent variables on population change shifted from decade to decade. The most important variable in producing positive population trends was the ability of the county to attract retirement migrants.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies of the relation between economic conditions and psychological stress among farm operators are extended by comparing farming and nonfarming husbands' and wives' depressive symptoms and by including spouse support as both a mediating and a moderating variable. Using three waves of data from the Iowa Youth and Families Project, the analyses found few differences between farmers and nonfarmers, but the relation between economic pressure and distress operates differently for husbands and wives. For husbands, wives' support buffers the relation between economic pressure and husbands' sense of control over events in their lives, which in turn reduces depression. For wives, husbands' support both directly reduces their depression and buffers the effects of economic pressure on depression by weakening the relation between sense of control and feelings of depression.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSociologists have increasingly turned to secondary data sources to study social and economic change. As our experience in this area increases, so should our methodological rigor. Three common methodological sins—model mis‐specification, inattention to regional influences, and fuzzy operationalizations—are illustrated through a critique of Barnes and Blevins' (1992) study of farm structure and economic well‐being in nonmetropolitan areas. This paper argues, and demonstrates empirically, that many of Barnes and Blevins' conclusions are suspect because they did not include ethnic and regional variables in their regression

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe literature on the Goldschmidt (1978a) hypothesis has passed through distinct stages. This article is a commentary on the present status of the literature and particularly on a recent article by Barnes and Blevins (1992). Our arguments draw in large part from our previous work. Researchers in the 1970s and early 1980s were concerned mainly with replicating Goldschmidt's work. However, these studies had a number of methodological and conceptual limitations that limited closure on the debate. A new generation of research from the mid‐1980s onward was premised upon addressing the limitations, including the need to incorporate indicators of nonfarm economic structure, to take spatial or geographic features into account, and to adequately conceptualize farm structure. Barnes and Blevins (1992) disregard these inroads, evident in that their article repeats earlier arguments, offers solutions to problems addressed a decade earlier, and is vulnerable to its own methodological problems. To move inquiry forward, new directions for studies concerned with the broader issues raised by Goldschmidt are suggeste

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Review Essay Global Agriculture and Food: Libby, RonaldT.Protecting Markets.Review Essay Global Agriculture and Food: Fletcher, LehmanB. (ed.).World Food in the 1990s: Production, Trade and Aid.Review Essay Global Agriculture and Food: Schmandt, Jurgen, FrederickWilliams, RobertH. Wilson, and SharonStrover(eds.).Telecommunications and Rural Development: A Study of Private and Public Sector Innovation.Review Essay Global Agriculture and Food: Korsching, PeterF., TimothyO. Borich, andJulieStewart(eds.).Multicommunity Collaboration: An Evolving Rural Revitalization Strategy.Review Essay Global Agriculture and Food: Buse, RuebenC.,andJamesL. Driscoll(eds.).Rural Information Systems: New Directions in Data Collection and Retrieval.Review Essay Global Agriculture and Food: Flora, CorneliaButler, JanL. Flora, JacquelineD. Spears, andLouisE. Swanson, withMarkB. Lapping andMarkL. Weinberg.Rural Communities: Legacy and Change.Rural Development: Straub, LavonneA.,andNormanWalzer(eds.).Rural Health Care: Innovation in a Changing Environment.Rural Development: Reidy, JosephP.From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South: Central Georgia, 1800–1880.Rural Development: Davidson, OshaGray.Broken Heartland: The Rise of America's Rural Ghetto.Regional Studies: Cobb, JamesC.The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity.Regional Studies: Thompson, PaulB.The Ethics of Aid and Trade: U.S. Food Policy, Foreign Competition, and the Social Contract.International Trade: Dicken, Peter.Global Shift: The Internationalization of Economic Activity(2nd ed.).International Trade: Satzewich, Vic.Racism and the Incorporation of Foreign Labour: Farm Labour Migration to Canada Since 1945.Environmental Issues: Croll, Elisabeth, andDavidParkin(eds.).Bush Base, Forest Farm: Culture, Environment and Development.Environmental Issues: Krimsky, Sheldon, andDominicGolding(eds.).Social Theories of Ris

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY