摘要:

AbstractMajor shifts in the terms of the social contract between society and land grant universities have implications for the research, teaching, and extension agenda of rural sociology. By tracing the legislative, academic, and social context of these changes, one can understand the evolving process, the forces of change, and the necessity for new organizational strategies to respond to society's needs. Better networking with constituencies and use of advisory councils would tie the discipline closer to these needs. The identification of substantive needs are a product of such interaction and reflect new opportunities for rural sociology to provide leadership for human and community development programs.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractActions by local groups and leaders constitute an essential but poorly understood element of many rural development strategies. Previous studies suggest that local development efforts can influence community change, but questions remain about why localities differ in mobilization to achieve development goals. Drawing upon community field theory and human ecology, this study uses data for rural school districts in Pennsylvania to examine the argument that activeness in the past and development of solidarity can contribute to a higher probability of local mobilization than would be predicted by ecological characteristics alone. Hierarchical regressions support this argument for some local actions, while canonical correlations show a generalized pattern strongly associated with past activeness and solidarity.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNonmetropolitan (nonmetro) residential segregation in 1990 and change in the preceding decade have received insufficient attention. A set of empirical hypotheses are derived and assessed using nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) counties in Texas. Places in nonmetro counties were more segregated than places in metro counties in 1990 as in 1980. Substantial declines in segregation occurred in both nonmetro and metro places but were largest in growing places in nonmetro counties. An analysis controlling for other determinants of segregation supports the premise that population change was a major determinant of 1980–1990 change in segregation. Implications for nonmetro areas in the 1990s are discusse

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between community attachment and depression is examined in a sample survey (N = 295) in two midwestern rural towns and their surrounding open‐country areas. When community attachment, a variable through which a rural resident's social integration into the local community affects mental health, was low, higher levels of symptoms of depression were observed. The economic viability of the local community was found to have a relationship to mean depression scores in the towns but not in the open‐country ar

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe implications of natural resource extraction for local economic development have become the subject of sharply conflicting expectations, with long‐term outcomes predicted to range from regional economic growth and development to “progressive underdevelopment.” These differences in longer‐term expectations cannot be satisfactorily resolved through the use of cross‐sectional or short‐term data. In addition, existing theories tend to be stated in universalistic terms that discourage rather than facilitate the examination of differences across cases. These points are illustrated through a case‐study examination of what has been called the first mining boom in the United States, involving lead mines in the Upper Mississippi Valley during the first half of the 19th century. The developmental consequences of this mining boom appear neither to have been as favorable as predicted by the most enthusiastic proponents of extraction nor as negative as those predicted by the harshest critics. Instead, outcomes appear to have reflected intersecting configurations of physical resource characteristics, the organizational form/scale of extractive activities, the historical period in question, and the nature of relationships among competing resource u

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRural women have difficulty finding good jobs. Ownership of small businesses offers an alternative but the sales and income of women‐owned firms are significantly lower than those of men‐owned firms. Compared with men, women owners are more likely to operate smaller and newer businesses; however, these differences do not completely account for the gap in gross sales between men‐ and women‐owned businesses. The strongest influences on business success are firm size, corporate status, and industrial sector. Though significant, the owner's gender is less important than these organizational characteristics. The factors influencing success of small businesses generally are the same for men‐ and women‐owned businesses. More research on business networks and the start‐up phase of small businesses is necessary for a better understanding of the sources of gender differenc

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concept of sustainability is central to many current natural resource debates. While the concept has substantial appeal, consensus on its meaning is lacking, especially concerning what combinations of resources or practices should be sustained. The many meanings of sustainability are addressed by first presenting four defining questions: what is sustained, why sustain it, how is sustainability measured, and what are the politics? These questions are used to identify what we see as nine distinct types of sustainability, each reflecting a different vision of which resources should be sustained. Illustrations are drawn from three major renewable natural resource areas—agriculture, forestry, and marine fisherie

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper employs diffusion and farm‐structure variables to explain variations in Montana farmers' adoption of two kinds of sustainable agricultural practices: those involving intensive management and those which require fewer purchased inputs. While perceived profitability was found to be the most important factor affecting adoption of both, the independent variables had different effects on beliefs about net economic returns as well as on adoption of the two practices. Type of farm enterprise played a larger role in adoption of the low‐input practices than the management intensive ones; access to information was more important for the latter. Implications for policy are discus

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Environmental Sociology: Kroll‐Smith, J. Stephen, and StephenRobertCouch.The Real Disaster Is Above Ground: A Mine Fire and Social Conflict.Environmental Sociology: Couch, StephenR., and J. StevenKroll‐Smith(eds.).Environmental Sociology: Dunlap, RileyE., and AngelaG. Mertig(eds.).Environmental Sociology: Faber, Daniel.Environment Under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America.Agriculture: Browne, WilliamP., JerryR. Skees, LouisE. Swanson, PaulB. Thompson, and LaurianJ. Unnevehr.Sacred Cows and Hot Potatoes: Agrarian Myths in Agricultural Policy.Agriculture: Maret, Elizabeth.Women of the Range: Women's Roles in the Texas Beef Cattle Industry.Agriculture: Dvorak, KarenAnn(ed.).Social Science Research for Agricultural Technology Development: Spatial and Temporal Dimensions.Chinese Studies: Kelliher, Daniel.Peasant Power in China: The Era of Rural Reform, 1979–1989.Chinese Studies: Poston, DudleyL., and DavidYaukey(eds.).Rural Health: Snow, Loudell.Walkin' Over Medicine.Rural Health: Morsy, SoheirA.Gender, Sickness, and Healing in Rural Egypt: Ethnography in Historical Co

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY