ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1988 the Census Bureau reported that 28.2 percent of the 20 million U.S. Hispanics lived in poverty. This research focuses on the relationship between poverty and the migration of Hispanic youth. Individual‐ and county‐level variables are incorporated into a logit analysis. An important finding is that Hispanic youth who are poor have higher ratios of migration than nonpoor Hispanic youth. Also, Hispanic youth residing in counties with higher rates of poverty are more likely to migrate than those living in more prosperous counties. However, these relationships change when multilevel interactions between individual and contextual variables are conside

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite a high prevalence of poverty among minorities in nonmetropolitan areas, research and policy concerns regarding poverty have continued focusing on metropolitan minorities. This study uses a model integrating individual, household, and structural factors to examine poverty among Latinos, blacks, and Anglos in nonmetropolitan and, for comparative purposes, metropolitan areas, using data from the 1985 Special Texas Census TDHS 1987. The findings show that minorities in nonmetropolitan areas tend to have the highest poverty rates. In addition, consistent as well as divergent patterns exist among the six ethnic‐resident groups with respect to the relationships among the various individual, household, and structural factors and povert

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing data from the 1980 Public‐Use Micro Sample (PUMS) A‐file, we examine the effect of region on black and white earnings within the Black Belt and the rest of the South. We find that Black Belt residence depresses earnings for both blacks and whites, more or less equally. There was no support for the hypothesis that there would be a greater penalty to being black in the Black Belt, compared to being black in the non‐Black Belt South. It is the additive effects of race and region that lead to lower earnings for Black Belt blacks. We conclude that region is a useful theoretical concept which needs to be more adequately theorized and incorporated into sociological ana

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an exploratory study of African Americans and underdevelopment in the Mississippi Delta. The primary focus is on race‐specific factors and their associations with social and economic development in the Delta. Data were obtained from The Southern Growth Policy's Southern County‐Level Data Files (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1985) and a content analysis of racial conflicts in Mississippi beginning with the 1950s through the 1980s. The results of the analysis show that racial conflicts and a high concentration of poor African Americans are associated with the lack of new technology industries in Mississippi's core Delta count

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe San Luis Valley farming systems' project sought to identify improved technologies and better decision‐making capabilities for modest‐sized and limited‐resource farms. Characteristics of limited‐resource farms operated by Hispanic and Anglo families, which may or may not be associated with differential rates of social participation and/or institutional discrimination, were examined. To determine characteristics of client farms, data were collected and stratified on farm resources, farm operations, goal hierarchies, and operational management strategies. Hispanic and Anglo farmers differed significantly in several respects. Key among these differences were crop and livestock enterprise mixes and the importance of off‐farm income to households. For many farming parameters, farm size, age of farmer, and full‐time/part‐time characteristics overshadowed ethnicity as a determinant of decision‐making. However, an important subset of the farm population is composed of Hispanic farmers who operate below median farm acreage on a part‐time basis and for whom few technological developments or assistance programs are specifically desi

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious empirical studies of black farmers have identified socioeconomic and demographic variables as important to their success and survival. The theories of Lenin and Chayanov also highlight the role of demographic and socioeconomic factors in the differentiation of the peasantry. Panel data from a survey of black small‐scale farm operators in the North Carolina Piedmont are used to test hypotheses based upon the Lenin‐Chayanov debate. A multivariate analysis shows that black farmers who survived owned tobacco quota, had more on‐farm household labor, had smaller households, and had higher gross farm incomes than those who left agriculture. These results point to the need to synthesize Lenin's macro‐level focus on class formation and Chayanov's micro‐level focus on enterprise formation in order to understand smallholder persistence. Over the five‐year period studied, approximately 50 percent of the original respondents were no longer actively operating farms indicating that the future of the black smallholder remains

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHistorians have long noted the existence of many rural Souths in lieu of the single rural monolith noted by Cash. Analysis, then, must be done on local and not solely on regional issues. Morris (1984) chronicled the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement. His thesis is that indigenous community groups were linked together by black church leadership and were recruited by national movement organizations (e.g., NAACP, SCLC). The thesis of this article is that after the Civil Rights Movement, small black social movements emerged to address issues in local areas. These new, emerging social movement organizations differed with the Civil Rights Movement in terms of leadership, formalization, goals, and tactics.We treat the emergence of the Sea Island Gullah in South Carolina and Georgia as an example of one such movement. From Reconstruction to the Depression, the descendents of slaves lived in isolated settlements on the remote sea islands. During this time, they reestablished a culture with authentic African components and developed mechanisms to transmit the culture to other islands.By the late 1970s, the land base for the culture (small farming and fishing) was threatened by land developers. A social movement organization was formed by movement entrepreneurs with the help of white and black volunteers. This movement has aided small farmers who have lost their land to tax reassessments. It has also sought to reestablish agriculture in the Sea Islands and promote the Gullah culture.

ISSN:0036-0112    

DOI:10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY