摘要:

AbstractDNA manipulation techniques have allowed the isolation and identification of many genes which cause disease in man. The same techniques are now being automated, and are on the threshold of application to more common and more complex genetic predispositions to diseases such as diabetes and schizophrenia. This article outlines the technology behind this development, and discusses some of the social, legal and ethical difficulties that widespread screening for genetic traits will raise. It is argued that these issues must be considered now, so that considered social responses to this technology are in place in the five years it is likely to take to develop.The techniques of DNA manipulation that have led to recombinant proteins and biopharmaceuticals have also led to an unprecedented increase in understanding of human genetics, and a corresponding increase in the practical side of human genetics—medical genetic diagnosis. As a result, medical genetics is moving from a speciality of statisticians and cytologists into the mainstream of medicine, and will soon be the concern of every hospital, and probably of every GP. This offers huge benefits to patients, but also threatens misunderstanding and even the potential of abuse if this sophisticated understanding of our fundamental natures is used without precisio

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree aryl haloalkyl sulfur compounds—chloroethyl β‐naphthyl sulfide, chloropropyl β‐naphthyl sulfide and chloroethyl β‐naphthyl sulfone—were subjected to cathodic reduction. The compounds were cathodically electrolyzed under a controlled potential of −2.00 ± 0.03 V vs SCE on a zinc cathode as the working electrode and a platinum anode as helping electrode in absolute methanol containing Ba(ClO4)2as supporting electrolyte at constant temperature (30°C). The isolated products were alkyl β‐naphthyl sulfides, alkyl β‐naphthyl sulfones, alkenyl β‐naphthyl sulfides, alkenyl β‐naphthyl sulfone, β‐naphthyl thiols (in case of sulfides), naphthalene and other identified products. Su

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe absorption and reaction of oxygen in aqueous alkaline solutions of sodium dithionite has been experimentally investigated in a novel gas‐liquid contactor. The novel gas‐lift bubble column contactor was used to study the kinetics over wide ranges of reactant concentrations, temperature, and pH. The oxygen‐sodium dithionite reaction was found to be first‐order with respect to dithionite in the range of dithionite concentration0.1 M. The reaction with respect to oxygen was found to be zero‐order for all dithionite concentrations. These results and experimental investigations of the effect of solution alkalinity and temperature on the reaction rate are consistent with previous findings obtained in different gas‐liquid contactors. The results thus confirm the feasibility of using the gas‐lift bubble column for the kinetics of gas

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPyrazolo‐[2,3‐d]‐chroman dione derivatives were obtained via Diels‐Alder reaction of pyrazolone arylidenes and 1,4‐benzoquinone. The reaction rate and its yield have been found to be solvent and time dependent. The evaluation of the bactericidal and fungicidal screening showed significant inhibition effects against some thermophilic organisms grown and incubate

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSamples of a cationic sulphonated resin have been prepared by sulphonation of a mixture of phenol with cellulose acetate in the presence of paraformaldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The samples having average swelling percentage of 123, and a cation exchange capacity of 2.6 meq g−1resin, are being introduced as a new catalyst in the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate ester. The synthesized cation exchanger shows a good thermal and chemical stability. Hydrolysis rate constants (krvalues) for the catalysed reaction have been determined. The calculated values of the Arrhenius activation parameters show the overall slowness of the hydrolysis reaction accompanying the formation of the rigid activated comple

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater (OMW) in a fluidized bed, pretreated withGeotrichum candidum, has been studied. The bioreactor used (volume = 3.5 dm3; biomass concentration = 11.5 g VSS dm−3) maintained satisfactory operation for 4 to 35 days, in terms of hydraulic retention time, and removed 92% of the initial COD. The system was used to develop and test a kinetic model which was subsequently employed to determine growth yield and maintenance coefficient. From the results obtained, the Michaelis‐Menten equation accurately described the substrate uptake (i.e. COD removal) in the anaerobic fluidized bed system. Pretreatment of the OMW was found to increase the rate of substrate uptake by a factor of 3.2 when compared to untreated

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOzonation kinetics of iron and manganese in aqueous solution is experimentally investigated. The effects of pH, initial ion concentration and the ozone dosage on the kinetic rate parameters are examined. It has been found that ozonation of those ions in general follows zero order kinetics.

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe transfer of cyclohexanethiol from kerosene oil to unconventional adsorbent, red mud and the influence of variation in agitation rate, concentration and temperature on separation by adsorption technique has been investigated. The maximum transportation of sulfur compound from oil containing 730.67 mg dm−3(0.025% by weight sulfur) of cyclohexanethiol was noted at 45°C. The adsorption follows first order kinetics and is a diffusion controlled process. The applicability of Langmuir isotherm indicates monolayer coverage of sulfur on the outer interface of red mud. Calcination of red mud and thermodynamic parameters suggest the favorable separation of cyclohexanethiol from kerosene oil by adsorpti

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOnly a small percent of the formaldehyde added to the coacervation solution is actually utilized for crosslinking the gelatin and gum arabic in the dense coacervate phase, the rest remaining in the colloid‐poor solution. It was aimed to use this formaldehyde in the solution in a polymerization reaction with urea to form a composite film of gelatin‐gum arabic coacervate within a supramolecular structure of the urea‐formaldehyde resin. Part of the urea added reacts with formaldehyde used for crosslinking, opening up the polymer chains, and part reacts with free formaldehyde to form urea‐formaldehyde resin phase grafted onto the coacervated macromolecules. The physical properties of the composite film investigated in this work, i.e. water absorbance, water vapor sorption and permeability, are interpreted as a function of the structure evolving as a result of the competing crosslinking and polymerization re

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of different concentrations of copper or zinc on the anaerobic biodegradability of sludge has been investigated. An attempt has been made to correlate the metal forms with the performance of the digester. The presence of organically‐bound copper is indicative of the deteriorated condition of the digester. However, an increased HNO3extractable fraction is associated with the failure of the zinc‐spiked digest

ISSN:0268-2575    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.280560211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY