摘要:

Telephone interviews utilizing random digit dialing were cor ducted in Los Angeles County to assess the public's knowledge of differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists and to determine factors predictive of knowledge status. Knowledge status was determined by performance on a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. Using multiple logistic regression analysis for simultaneous evaluation of potentially predictive factors, higher education, history of prior eye examination as an adult, and history of prior or present contact lens or spectacle wear were associated with scoring as knowledgeable. Predicted probabilities of being knowledgeable and not knowledgeable were presented for all combinations of these predictive variables. Such information may be helpful in guiding public education campaigns regarding eye care.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409047220

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

PurposeTo evaluate the link between primary open-angle glaucoma (poag) and potential genetic and environmental risk factors.MethodsA case/control study was carried out using 175 poag patients and 175 controls, all Caucasians of at least 40 years of age. The diagnosis of poag was established based on the presence of characteristic defects in the visual field and on glaucomatous cupping. The presence of risk factors was established by means of a questionnaire.ResultsUsing a conditional logistic regression, we found that a family history of poag in first-degree relatives was a major risk factor (or = 7.67; 95% c1: [3.25–18.1]; p<10-5). We found no link between diabetes and poag, high blood pressure and poag, heart disease and poag, myopia and poag, or the use of alcohol or tobacco and poag.ConclusionOur results indicate a strong genetic influence in the development of poag and suggest the hypothesis of a polygenic or multifactorial mechanism.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409047221

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The methodology of the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project, a major population-based survey of eye disease on 3,500 randomly selected individuals aged 40 years of age and over in the Melbourne metropolitan region, is presented. The aims of the study are to determine the distribution and determinants of eye disease in an urban population; the impact of eye disease on visual function and the activities of daily living; and the accessibility of eye health care services in the community. All procedures are conducted according to a standardised protocol to allow for comparison with other population-based studies, both in Australia and overseas. Information collected from this study will be employed in the development of recommendations related to eye health care service delivery and establishment of priorities for future public education programmes and health research.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409047222

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Only 5% of the world's population is found in the United States, yet we as a nation consume 40% of the world's resources. In stark contrast, two thirds of the world's population live in developing countries where 90% of all blindness occurs and where even the most basic resources for eye care delivery are scarce or absent.Using U.S. criteria defining blindness (less than 20/200 [6/60]), the World Health Organization estimated in 1984 that 42–52 million people were blind from all causes, an increase of more than 10% since 1978. High population growth rates in most developing countries coupled with the failure of governments to develop health services commensurate with needs are responsible for this trend.On economic grounds alone, the U.S. eye care delivery paradigm cannot be broadly replicated in the developing world. Instead, cost-effective creative strategies, many already in place, such as mass surgery camps in Asia and delivery of eye care by non-ophthalmologists in Africa, can be expanded and streamlined. The upgrading of sight restoration and preservation care depends upon mobilization of political will within the international health community; governments must prioritize eye care as a public health problem; health planners must mobilize financial resources and work closely with technical assistance organizations, and ministries of health must cease to emulate expensive high-technology eye care models.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409047223

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation has been linked, at some point, with more than a dozen eye diseases. Some of these associations are based solely on anecdotes, while others have been subjected to epidemiological investigations. For each eye disease, the evidence for an association with ultraviolet radiation is presented and evaluated. The only eye disease for which there is sufficient evidence of a causal association in humans is photo-keratitis. For several eye diseases (climatic droplet keratopathy, pterygium, cataract) there is limited evidence for an association, while for other diseases (uveal melanoma, macular degeneration) there is either little support for an association or inadequate data on which to base an assessment.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409047224

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reviews current methodological and epidemiological issues that face researchers interested in examining the relationship between exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and cataract and other eye diseases. Key areas addressed include study design, measurement of ocular exposure, potential confounding and modifying factors, and evaluation of the impact of ozone depletion on eye diseases.

ISSN:0928-6586    

DOI:10.3109/09286589409047225

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor