ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.co3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractRecent changes on the international scene have been instrumental in the continuing evolution of US S&T policies. With the Clinton Administration these policies are entering a new phase because of the change of administration, and developments in domestic and international affairs and in science and technology themselves. The role of the Federal Government is being increased, in partnership with industry, but with political opposition from the new Congress. The policies of the Clinton Administration, if allowed to continue, are intended to reassert the competitiveness of the US economy.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.74

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe common wisdom about R&D consortia in Japan may be misguided. They are not formed as an attempt by the government to pick and create winners, but often rather as a response to the adoption of ideas from abroad. Enhancing competitive incentives, more than trying to force cooperation, is the key to accelerating innovation in both development and commercialization. Procompetitive coordination rather than precompetitive cooperation is the dominant strategy. Japanese consortia nurture competitors to better assure that domestic competition will propel the firms to international competitiveness. The USA can learn important lessons from the structure of consortia in Japan.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.85

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines recent US initiatives to extend plant variety protection, specifically the passage of the 1994 amendments to the Plant Varieties Protection Act and the subsequent US accession to the 1991 International Union for the Protection of Plant Varieties. The US passage of extended coverage for plant varieties can only properly be understood within an historical and a global context. Within this context the extended coverage proves problematic on a number of counts.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.95

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe important concept of ‘technological paradigm’ is reconsidered in relation to international political economy (IPE). The concept is expanded to include a socio-political dimension, whereby technological innovation within paradigms is influenced by factors not normally considered by economists. Susan Strange's ‘knowledge structure’ is argued to be an appropriate location for the expanded concept of technological paradigms. They can then be viewed as building blocks within the overall knowledge structure, but only if the concept is adapted to include cultural and political elements. While agent/structure issues impinge upon the analysis, the merger of technological paradigm and knowledge structure is argued to be ontologically consistent.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.106

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractEurope is investing considerably less than the USA and Japan in R&D. This leads to emphasis on low tech, resulting in slow growth and job losses. It is possible for Europe to get back into the technology race, but to do so changes must be made. The Framework Programme must be more enticing to industry; it must reduce the red tape; it must reinforce its co-ordinating effect; and bottom-up programming should be encouraged.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.117

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe fact that 30 years after independence, over three-quarters of Africa's population continues to live in poverty and struggles for the provision of primary human necessities calls for a radical, critical and urgent review of the development strategies adopted by these countries.This paper considers why S&T-related activities were disconnected from the economy of African society, and why these countries never developed substantial technological expertise as an integral part of their development process, but, instead, generated a state of technological dependence. It shows why and how basic science developed painfully within academic settings, and the intangible consequences of frontier technologies in the development process.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.121

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.130

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.131

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.2.132

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP