ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.co3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.138

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.139

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.143

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.152

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractAustralia has a number of programmes to encourage innovation at the level of the firm. For instance, in R&D in Australia, there are tax concessions allowing 150% of expenditure to be claimed against income; grants for industrial R&D; a National Industry Extension Service to assist small and medium-sized firms with good growth prospects to develop an internationally competitive edge; and a programme of partnership agreements.It is unusual among OECD countries for the government to have such extensive technology policies. In Australia, this is because of a precarious trading position in technology-based goods; an awareness of this situation at many levels including the trade unions and a realisation of the need for intervention; and a programme of thoughtful and well-managed schemes.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.159

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the concepts and characteristics of technological policy in the typical circumstances in newly industrialized countries. Firstly the specific situation of these countries is established from the point of view of the interaction between technology and economic development, and an indication is given of what kind of technological policy is suitable to their respective features. With that in mind, analytical categories more appropriate to these objectives are introduced and utilized.The second section draws on this to analyze the idiosyncrasies of the articulation between industrial and technological policy in the countries studied, and the typical conditions in which it actually takes place.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.167

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe general importation of utilitarian objects and tenets of theoretical science, from the Middle East, North Africa, India and China to Europe facilitated technological development in that area. The orthodox view is that the present Third World has historically been a lame recipient of what would now be called hardware and software, contributing little in return to European benefactors and the march towards scientific and technological progress. On the contrary, this region has been a major crucible for technological development, the transfer of technology being largely uni-directional—from South to North in the earlier periods. In conclusion there are some reflections on the constraints surrounding the development of science and technology in the contemporary Third World.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.176

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractRecent physiological and biochemical research points to the desirability of policies which actively promote breastfeeding, since it has emphasised the substantial benefits to mothers and their babies. Not only are attempts to mimic breastmilk by modifying cows' milk increasingly revealed as inadequate, but the non-nutritive advantages of breastfeeding, such as in disease prevention and through its contraceptive properties, are assuming greater human and economic significance.Several policy implications are considered. These include health education programmes, institutional changes in medical practice, improvements in maternity allowances and in provision for breastfeeding mothers at the workplace, and legislative curbs on the promotional activities of manufacturers of artificial babyfoods.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.181

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.3.192

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP