ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.co3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractEU regulations over the last two decades have raised important questions about the possible Europeanisation of toxicology. For the most part Europeanisation of regulatory toxicology has concentrated on streamlining toxicological testing for efficiency purposes, rather than having the primary goal of raising safety standards, because efficiency is the key priority for the dominant industrial interests. Consumer organisations have been insufficiently consulted and there is little openness about toxicology results. European harmonisation should put more emphasis on accountability to non-industrial interests.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.354

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScience has played a vital role in the emergence of modern India, It has helped in raising the quality of life and in imparting a modern outlook to its people. It was only after Independence, in 1947, that the Government of India consciously sought the development of S&T as a major force for ushering in social and economic change. As a chief patron, the Government of India provided various promotional and fiscal measures with tax incentives, and enacted policy declarations for enhancing R&D activities.While scanning the progress made during the past about 50 years, the author has identified certain lacunae in the present Indian S&T system and has indicated certain remedial measures for strengthening it.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.363

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractFormal methods are techniques which draw on mathematics and logic to increase the rigour of computer software development and hardware design. This paper discusses the factors inhibiting their adoption by industry, which include structural features of the formal methods market place. It provides a set of recommendations (directed in the first instance to the British government) to overcome these problems.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.369

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe UK, like many other countries in recent years, has initiated policies designed to better exploit the public research base. The institutional breakdown of the boundaries of public- and private-sector research resulting, in part, from these activities has been a matter of some commentary, though too often with a narrow focus. This article examines the tensions in the blurring between the public and private sector in terms of professional, customer, legal and political accountability.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.383

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe advances in biotechnology research in the 1980s led to expectations of large-scale applications in agriculture and food production. In the mid-90s, the predicted effects have not yet materialised Biotech research has only resulted in a restricted number of products, and the impact of biotechnology is not a matter of unilinear extrapolation of existing power relations but the result of a complex process which depends on many socio-economic aspects, such as the economics of innovation, public acceptance and regulation. A case study of biotechnology in the Dutch potato chain has been conducted to see what the impact of biotechnology has been so far. Based on literature review and interviews with potato breeders and processors, an indepth view was obtained of the structural changes in the chain and of the role biotechnology in these changes.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.391

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThree paradigms, which today compete for dominance in scientific society, can be identified According to the “entrepreneurship paradigm” individuals champion the implementation of an idea or the gaining of independence. In its classic form, the entrepreneur would be the founder of an enterprise, while his modern counterpart may be found in companies that already exist The “technology—economic paradigm” views technological development as the determinant of innovation. The “strategic innovation paradigm” stresses market opportunities. Innovation is the ability to recognise market opportunities and to transform them into external and internal business strategies. The strategy is the framework for innovation development The last part of the article discusses the implication of each paradigm for industrial policy.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.399

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.411

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.414

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.6.415

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP