ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe Max-Planck-Gesellschaft is heavily involved in unifying science policy in the new Germany. It is proving to he a difficult task, especially because of the deadlines imposed on the operation by the political and economic considerations. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in creating research groups and institutes in the old GDR along proven constitutional lines. Whilst appreciating the urgency of implementing unification principles, this should not be at the expense of properly thought-out solutions.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.71

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThere are several criteria to bear in mind when assessing the value of R&D spending, namely: the length of the backward horizon, whether to use cash or real terms, the intrinsic appeal of various denominators, the utility of international comparisons, the necessity of industrial disaggregation, whether or not to ignore defence spending, and the sources of finance employed. It is not possible to be dogmatic about the choice of indicators, but it is possible to indicate where, on a continuum of statistical respectability, most actual choices will lie. This article sets out the arguments for and against a variety of presentations.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.75

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIn Hungary the transition to a market economy is slow. Economic considerations are taking priority and the role of S&T and R&D and their financing are neglected. Co-ordinated, strategic action by the government is required in acknowledgement of the vital role of science, technology and higher education in the success of the country. It is necessary to overcome the conflicts between various branches without increasing state bureaucracy, and to increase investment and social support.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.89

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractInternational competitiveness is bound to make a dramatic difference to the Brazilian informatics sector which has been protected for 15 years from outside competition. As with the majority of Brazilian industry the informatics sector is beset by inefficiency, so the tasks ahead are formidable. Policy-makers will have to avoid further monopolies, take care not to lose the accumulated know-how, redefine the role of import restrictions and fiscal incentives, and provide a strategic orientation.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.99

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScience in the Soviet Union is experiencing major upheavals in the same way as the economy. There are alarming gaps in domestic R&D which could he solved by purchasing complete modem enterprises and technologies. A rational conversion of the military sector would be an efficient way of preserving its science potential; this would also solve the problem of employment for the scientists and engineers working in this sector. Of the greatest urgency is the dissemination of modern economic and social knowledge so that a new economic culture can be created.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.111

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe widespread fear that the growing internationalisation of technology means that technological follower countries can acquire scientific discoveries and technological innovations more cheaply than leader countries turns out to be groundless. So-called followers' (Germany and Japan) have been spending relatively more on R&D than so-called ‘leaders’ (UK and USA) for more than 20 years. And Japanese firms rely much more extensively on the Japanese science base, than on any other country's. The conditions for successful invention and innovation are very similar to those for imitation; imitation across national boundaries is not cheap or easy; and the infrastructure for innovation in the UK must be maintained at internationally best-practice levels.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.119

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.124

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.126

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/19.2.127

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1992

数据来源: OUP