ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.162

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractA review is made of various approaches to the analysis of science and technology in developing countries, and the light they cast on the situation in Africa.Part of the problem of S and T in African development is an inadequate understanding of the problem itself. In particular it is argued that the parameters used to define the problem have been too narrow, and there is a need to put S and T within a broader political and economic framework, with an emphasis on the role and structure of the state in the process of industrialization.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.164

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractProblems have been caused in the underdeveloped countries by looking externally for their science and technology policies, and trying to follow industrialized countries. This has led to foreign firms expropriating scarce resources.A better approach is to develop an internally orientated policy, in which local initiatives are encouraged and the resultant growth generates funds to purchase technology — which further promotes the development of local resources. This would discourage imports of ‘inappropriate’ technology, and help the development of ‘appropriate’ technology. Chinese experience is reviewed.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.175

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIn colonial Africa, scientific institutions were researching into ways of making life easier for expatriates — eg tropical medicine and the production of crops for export.With independence, the British handed over most of the research institutes and educational establishments to the new states, while the French retained a strong presence.There is now a severe shortage of trained scientists in black Africa, and heavy dependence on international assistance and transfer of knowledge.It is argued that more enduring structures for scientific and technological co-operation must be developed.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.191

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIt is argued that the transnational companies have not been the villains that we have been led to believe. The problems are rooted in the political leadership of African countries, which works for the elite rather than the rural poor.It is unrealistic to expect the transnationals to understand the problems that Africa faces. The countries themselves must make clear their needs, and learn to ‘think straight’ by studying their societies and their history. One goal must be to utilize transnationals more effectively.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.203

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThere is still, even among trained scientists in Black Africa, an undue reliance on the mystical and the occult. It is currently assumed that applied research is what is required, whereas the author argues that many areas of basic research need investigating, and that the two should go hand-in-hand.A goal-oriented research programme is advocated, with promotion geared to production and increased local manufacture of equipment, aiming at being internationally competitive.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.207

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractScientific research in Africa should be aimed at optimizing human and material resources. Scientific education is of fundamental importance in promoting the growth of productivity.While African technological growth is desirable, it must be considered in the light of the relevant cultural and economic backgrounds. Technological transfer should be approached with caution, and only appropriate or adaptable techniques should be imported. Capital-intensive industries of the West are not suitable for third world countries with much labour and little capital.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.211

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.223

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/12.4.224

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP