摘要:

AbstractPolicy research on the interaction between industry and public sector research (PSR) has tended to focus on institutional mechanisms and has been more descriptive than analytical This paper outlines a research design which seeks to avoid these failings. It investigates the extent, nature and reasons for links between industry and PSR in terms of the linkage activity by which private- and public-sector researchers interact, and the associated knowledge flows: the latter element is novel It analyses the PSR contribution to innovation in the context of all the knowledge used in the course of innovative RD&D. The conceptual basis of this research design is outlined and the methodology is detailed The approach has potential value both to public policy and to an enhanced understanding of industrial innovation.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.282

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractFrom 1945 to 1990, science in Latvia was an integral part of the science of a large country (the Soviet Union). To a great extent, it was affected by all positive and negative elements of Soviet science. Now, after the restoration of independence in 1990–1991, Latvian science has suddenly become the science of a small country. The current political strivings of Latvia can be characterised by one main feature: to return to Europe, where it was from 1918 to 1940, and to stay there forever.This general political orientation is in line with the general transformation of the research system which started in 1989. The main thrust of science policy in Latvia for the last five years has been to model it along western lines.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.305

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractPollution prevention is an important part of a necessary technological shift in environmental policy, yet both US industry and government focus on cleanup technologies. In this paper, theoretical models of technological innovation and change are used together with examples of specific experiences with the development of environmental technologies to better understand the influence of federal environmental policy on the investment behavior of companies. A framework has been developed to make distinctions between incremental and radical technology innovations, and to understand the strategic elements necessary for radical innovation and how they may explain industrial practice. The role of government in encouraging or discouraging innovation through environmental policy and regulation is examined using examples from literature and an evaluation of elements of the Environmental Technology Initiative established by the Clinton Administration. Industry-government partnerships are important in achieving radical innovations that go beyond compliance.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.313

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractA survey of people in government, industry and academia in Mexico on the future of university-industry relations revealed some deep-seated biases against such co-operation. These seem to stem from a long-standing attitude that technology is the means of livelihood of ‘rude mechanics’ and that university graduates are above nuts-and-bolts technology. Industry, academia and government seem to be questioning themselves on whether they are still partners to modernization. This can have a paralyzing effect on public policies relating to technological modernization.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.325

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractA number of government and other organisations in Japan have begun to disseminate information via the Internet. The Internet (and in particular, the World Wide Web which makes it easy to use) promises to provide non-Japanese speakers with information that has not previously been easily or cheaply available. This review describes how this information can be accessed and identifies the major sources of information on Japanese science and technology policy currently available.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.333

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.344

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.345

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.347

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.348

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/22.5.350

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1995

数据来源: OUP