ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.CO3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractAfter German unification, the research system in East Germany was restructured along the lines of the West German model of organisation. The intention was to achieve comparable levels of productivity. Although the actual transfer of institutions has progressed quite well, it has not led to a fully integrated German science system. Extensive staff cuts in the East German research institutions are still continuing, and have rendered ineffective measures aimed at maintaining staff and integrating old personnel into the new structures. After the transformation of East German science, its integration still remains a major task.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.298

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe idea of joint university-industry research is relatively new in Japan, since national universities have been allowed to co-operate with industry only since 1983. This has raised many issues on both sides: the university faculty fear loss of academic freedom, and industry is determined to retain secrecy and patent rights. For co-operative ventures to be successful there must be further deregulation of the national university system.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.313

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe involvement of users in publicly-funded collaborative IT research projects in the UK has been partially constrained by a tendency to equate the ‘user’ with the ‘consumer’. This distances the user from the research process and makes the research appear too ‘near market’ to win funding. A vertical chain of ‘users’ with different types of user at each stage of the chain is proposed here. A number of novel collaborative structures have been established under the IEATP to facilitate user involvement and minimise the possibility of commercial conflict arising from multiple-user and user-producer relationships.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.323

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractCollaboration among the USA, Europe, Japan and Canada on the international Space Station Freedom has been a difficult alliance. The fundamental differences between the European and American policy styles has caused tension and lack of trust. Despite a Memorandum of Understanding, the Americans made budgetary and design changes based on Congressional directions and short-term aims. Recent events, however, have meant that the European long-term strategy has had to be compromised because of financial and political constraints.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.333

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractAny development of S&T policies in Europe must reflect the intra-European cultural differences at the same time as encouraging international cooperation. The academic community has always been a source of cultural and ethical standards as well as scientific knowledge. The Academia Europaea was set up in 1988 aspiring to represent the best in the European academic community. The scholars who have come together in this organisation are starting programmes relevant to the strengthening of European society.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.343

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractInternationalisation in higher education and scientific contacts offers important opportunities for inter-university co-operation. This paper briefly outlines how these exchanges have been exploited recently to broaden the basic science base at the institutions of higher learning in Finland.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.351

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.361

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.362

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/20.5.364

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP