摘要:

The micromorphological appearance of the psoriatic lesion is characterized by cutaneous inflammation, epidermal acanthosis and abnormal keratinization. The relevance of immunological factors has been reviewed in recent literature. Despite a longstanding interest of many centres in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the position of epidermal proliferation, a key feature of the psoriatic plaque, remains to be established. The aim of the present review was to provide evidence from the literature and from our own work that enables us to answer the question to what extent epidermal proliferation might be a primary pathogenetic event or whether it represents a secondary phenomenon resulting from other abnormalities.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211445

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Corticosteroids and vitamin D3 analogues inhibit proliferation, enhance normal keratinisation and interfere with cutaneous inflammation in in vitro systems. Both treatments are effective in psoriasis, although several reports suggest that vitamin D3 is less effective in reducing the inflammatory changes compared to its potent effect on keratinocyte growth and differentiation. The aim of the present study was to compare and contrast the effects of the vitamin D3 analogue calcipotriol, clobetasol-17-propionate and a placebo on immunohistochemical markers for epidermal growth, keratinisation and inflammation induced by a standardised single challenge with ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in normal human skin. Clobetasol proved to inhibit UVB-induced proliferation of epidermal cells, tenascin induction, keratin 16 induction and the accumulation of T lymphocytes and CD la-positive cells. Epidermal thinning due to clobetasol was also observed. No effect of clobetasol was shown on the enhanced terminal differentiation following UVB challenge. In contrast, calcipotriol reduced the member of transglutaminase-positive cells following UVB challenge but increased the thickness of the epidermis without a significant effect on other markers for keratinisation, epidermal proliferation and inflammation. The present study reconfirms the potent effect of topical corticosteroids on various aspects of UVB-challenged skin. In contrast, calcipotriol interfered especially with one differentiation pathway (transglutaminase) without modulation of other UVB-induced changes.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211446

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we showed that freshly plucked human anagen hair expressed both type 1 (80 kD) and type 2 (60 kD) interleukin (IL)-1 receptor mRNAs. The IL-1 receptor type 1 was functional since after in vitro stimulation of plucked hair with IL-1α, we observed the induction of mRNA(s) for the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor α and IL-6 as well as for the chemokines monocyte chemotactic and activating factor and IL-8. In addition, the growth of dissected human anagen hairs in culture in vitro was significantly and dose-depen-dently inhibited by IL-1α as a consequence of hair bulb degradation. These observations, together with those of other authors in IL-1α transgenic mice evidence the inhibitory role of IL-1 on human hair growth. Therefore, in order to identify individuals with high inflammatory potential in their hair follicle environment, we designed a rapid and simple assay to detect variations in the level of IL-1α production in the overnight supernatant of plucked hairs in culture. We observed that 32.7% of the specimens from the volunteers tested (n = 116) could be considered highly inflammatory in terms of IL-1α production. Altogether, these results suggest that in alopecia androgenetica, hair growth might be negatively influenced by IL-1, directly produced by the outer root sheath keratinocytes. Consequently, identifying the ‘inflammatory alopecic individual’ might be of clinical interest to discriminate among individuals for whom anti-IL-1 strategies might be of therapeutic relevance.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211447

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Topical anesthesia of the skin, nowadays performed for various indications from pruritus over postherpetic neuralgia to minor surgery, has been under investigation for more than 30 years. Due to low water solubility, the active base form of most of the local anesthetics on the market is poorly absorbed through the skin. Hence, the most challenging target was to develop galenic preparations which provide a good skin penetration in order to reach the dermal nerve endings and thereby lead to sufficient local anesthesia. On the other hand good skin penetration also results in a distribution of the drug in the circulation. Since local anesthetic agents are known to have an impact on the heart and central nervous system, unwanted side effects following topical application onto the skin are worth discussing. This article reviews the current topical local anesthetics with particular accent on their pharmacological and toxicological data.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211448

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A non-invasive method for sampling skin surface lipids is cyanoacrylate stripping (CAC-TS). It was the purpose of our study to improve the method for sampling of skin surface lipids and the separation of epidermal lipid fractions by a modification of the methods described by Melnik and by Imokawa et al. Briefly, lipids on the glass slide sampled by CAC-TS from the forearm of 75 volunteers and from the forehead of 60 volunteers were eluted in hexane/ethanol under ultrasonication. Identification of the diluted total superficial sebaceous and epidermal skin lipids was performed by sequential high-performance thin-layer chromatography. For quantification of the lipids we used densitometric methods. By this modified method we were able to show a clear and complete separation of all relevant lipids from a cyanoacrylate strip that represented 1-2 mg stratum corneum only.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211449

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro antifungal activity of tea oil, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, has been evaluated against 26 strains of various dermatophyte species, 54 yeasts, among them 32 strains of Candida albicans and other Candida sp. as well as 22 different Malassezia furfur strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of tea tree oil were measured by agar dilution technique. Tea tree oil was found to be able to inhibit growth of all clinical fungal isolates. For the investigated dermatophytes MIC values from 1,112.5 to 4,450.0 μg/ml with a geometric mean of 1,431.5 μg/ml were demonstrated. Both C. albicans strains and the other strains belonging to the genus Candida and Trichosporon appeared to be slightly less susceptible to tea tree oil in vitro. However, their MIC values, which varied from 2,225.0 to 4,450.0 μg/ml (geometric mean 4,080 μg/ml), indicated moderate susceptibility to the essential oil of M. alternifolia. The lipophilic yeast M. furfur seemed to be most susceptible to tea tree oil. MIC values between 556.2 and 4,450.0 μg/ml (geometric mean 1,261.5 μg/ml) were found against the tested M. furfur strains. However, when calculated as percentage tea tree oil of the agar, the above-mentioned concentrations correspond to 0.5-0.44% tea tree oil content. These values are far below the usual relatively high therapeutic concentrations of the agent; approximately 5-10% solution or even the concentrated essential oil are used for external treatment. In comparison with tea tree oil, in vitro susceptibility against miconazole, an established topical antifungal, was tested. As expected, very low MIC values for miconazole were found for dermatophytes (geometric mean 0.2 μg/ml), yeasts (geometric mean 1.0 μg/ml), and M. furfur (geometric mean 2.34 μg/ml). It is suggested that the in vivo effect of tea tree oil ointment in the therapy of fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes as well as in the treatment of dandruff, a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, may be at least partly due to an antifungal activity of tea

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211450

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211451

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211452

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211453

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1159/000211444

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger