ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.co3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines developing country governments' policy strategies and alternative options for facilitating appropriate technology (AT) uptake, as well as the role of international organisations in promoting AT. Discussion includes material from a number of countries, including case-studies of India and Sri Lanka.Conclusions are developed concerning technology policy, the role of international organisations, the need for demonstrable growth paths, localised research and development and the potential of developing country AT institutions. Areas for further research are also discussed.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.202

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThere is considerable concern amongst scientists, civil servants and environmentalists about releases of genetically manipulated organisms into the environment. This paper examines the British experience in regulating such releases. It would appear that the Health and Safety Commission and Executive is approaching the environmental issues in a satisfactory manner, but the British government has not yet instituted a regulatory framework.Such regulatory decisions require a combination of scientific and value judgements, and it has been proposed that an Ethical Commission be set up. A regulatory agency which holds the value of openness in high regard is far more likely to be able to establish a meaningful dialogue with an informed public, permitting the development of a biotechnology which is socially acceptable.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.211

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe privatisation of public sector R&D establishments in the UK has been undertaken with little or no debate as to the effect this may have on the research within the organisations concerned. Here, the case of the Plant Breeding Institute is considered: in privatising the ‘near market’ research and retaining the ‘basic’ research, the Government has forced a split which was not previously perceived. The whole issue led to dissatisfaction amongst staff and a change of direction in both aspects of R&D.It is far from clear whether the policy encourages any greater efficiency, but it is clear that a very careful assessment of the institutional changes wrought on knowledge bases by privatisation is necessary if British science is not to find itself without access to those institutional structures on which future innovation in the new technologies will depend.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.224

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractDuring 1988, the UK Government announced the results of a review of agricultural research and development (R&D) which proposed that £30m of ‘near market’ publicly sponsored research should, in future, be funded by industry, or else be terminuted. The implementation of the near market reductions will occur between 1989 and 1992.Both the scale of the proposals and the method of their implementation will have serious implications for agricultural research. They ignore the capability of industry to fund this research and they fail to take sufficient account of the relationships that exist within and between research programmes, and of the multidisciplinary nature of research. In addition, they jeopardise the future development of commercial products and reduce the likelihood of industrial sponsorship in public research institutes.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.233

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIsrael has a pluralistic advice system for science and technology policy. In practice, the Israeli Cabinet and its S&T advisers lack a common working concept and so a meaningful dialogue has not developed. As a result the advice system has not significantly influenced government decisions. Despite this, effective co-operation is possible and, in Israel, is a must.Some conclusions from the study are that the system of Chief Scientists has been successful but needs improving; the advice system must be widened to consider S&T activities external to the system's needs, such as, import of technology, domestic transfer of technology, and employment opportunities; there should be more continuity in S&T policies; and there should be continuous dialogue between the advisers and the Cabinet.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.239

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.247

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.251

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.252

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/16.4.253

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP