摘要:

AbstractThere have been several barriers to technology transfer to developing countries in the past, including lack of access, demand, finance, technological capability, infrastructure and relevant technology. The reduction of these barriers seems to be more to do with finding the necessary political will than the absence of the means and know-how to do it. The international community will have to act in a substantially different way if S&T are to be harnessed to the benefit of the world community.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.2

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.co3

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThree types of semi-quantitative methods and a summary of quantitative methods used in federal research impact assessment are presented. The semi-quantitative methods include the classic retrospective method (Project Hindsight), another retrospective approach (Project TRACES and follow-ons), and Accomplishments books used by selected research-sponsoring organizations (Office of Naval Research, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of Energy Office of Health and Environmental Research, Department of Energy High Energy Physics Program, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). The quantitative approaches include bibliometrics, co-occurrence phenomena, and cost-benefit analysis. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.13

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractThe evaluation of European Community structural programmes and of their impact is a major issue for the allocation of resources at Community and national levels. Numerous indicators are now proposed but the complexity of the linkages between science, technology, economy and society creates serious ambiguities as to the appropriateness of each indicator in every concerned region or country. This article proposes some areas of possible rationalisation, taking into account the clarity and the time horizon of the objectives the evaluated programme is pursuing, and possible actions to relieve some of the implicitness in the political priorities of such programmes.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.23

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractEuropean information technology policy has recently started to focus on projects aimed at building large-scale capabilities. A pioneer of this approach is the Open Microprocessor Systems Initiative (OMI) sponsored by the Commission of European Communities (CEC). The nature of the essentially consensual process which has enabled the many different players in the OMI to agree to a common programme is examined. A framework is proposed which identifies the complex interaction of technical, economic, behavioural and political factors involved in creating a large-scale capability programme. It is argued that the successful emergence of these programmes implies a process of perception- and goal-alignment which gradually and programmatically integrates the stances of different organisations. Key aspects of general validity which assist in building these programmes are highlighted, along with the main tactics and techniques deployed in the process leading to the successful alignment of perceptions and goals within the OMI.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.31

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractIn May 1962 a UK Cabinet Committee, chaired by Sir Richard Powell, was convened to review the future of nuclear energy in the UK. The Committee's files have just been released to the Public Records Office. They clearly illustrate the consequences of science policy being driven by R&D interests and the pursuit of national economic advantage. The limitations imposed on flexible policy options by Big Science projects are also revealed. The papers and minutes provide a detailed insight into the last nuclear review conducted in Britain. The terms of reference for the next such review are expected to become public this year, so the workings of the Powell Committee represent a valuable insight into the complexities surrounding these reviews.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.43

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

AbstractSince 1989 there has been a restructuring process within the R&D system in Romania. Initially there was a break up of the centralised R&D and at the same the grounds were set for a new system. Romanian R&D is currently struggling for survival, beset by financial and organisational difficulties. The solution may be to investigate the apparently successful systems of the West, to select ideas appropriate to the Romanian socioeconomic context and to incorporate these into the Romanian R&D system. This paper brings together information supplied by a series of interviews of R&D management ‘experts’ — most of them directors and scientific secretaries of research institutes — and the author's own findings and interpretations.

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.55

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.61

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.64

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:1660-5527    

DOI:10.1093/spp/21.1.65

出版商:Beech Tree Publishing    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP